Question 1

Which of the following is the major advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)spectroscopy for the investigation of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) It utilizes radioisotopes. 
B) It utilizes specific metabolic inhibitors. 
C) It utilizes autoradiography. 
D) It utilizes non-invasive techniques. 
A) It utilizes radioisotopes. 
B) It utilizes specific metabolic inhibitors. 
C) It utilizes autoradiography. 
D) It utilizes non-invasive techniques. D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a dietary fibre?

Accepted Answer

A) maltose 
B) pectin 
C) cellulose 
D) lignin 
A) maltose 
B) pectin 
C) cellulose 
D) lignin A

Question 3

Which of the following enzymes serve as the points of regulation in the case of shared anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) largest enzymes 
B) ATP-producing enzymes 
C) NADH utilizing enzymes 
D) rate-limiting enzymes 
A) largest enzymes 
B) ATP-producing enzymes 
C) NADH utilizing enzymes 
D) rate-limiting enzymes D

Question 4

Which of the following is a possible function of NADPH?

Accepted Answer

A) to provide reducing equivalents to synthesize glucose from CO₂ 
B) to carry electrons from anabolic reactions 
C) to provide a source of hydrogens for oxidative biosynthesis 
D) to be reduced by hydride ions to form NAD⁺ 
A) to provide reducing equivalents to synthesize glucose from CO₂ 
B) to carry electrons from anabolic reactions 
C) to provide a source of hydrogens for oxidative biosynthesis 
D) to be reduced by hydride ions to form NAD⁺

Question 5

In which of the following cellular compartments are the enzymes of glycolysis and those of the citric acid cycle found in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A) both in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in mitochondria 
C) both in mitochondria 
D) glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 
A) both in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in mitochondria 
C) both in mitochondria 
D) glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins is NOT a coenzyme or a precursor of a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) thiamine 
B) riboflavin 
C) retinol 
D) niacin 
A) thiamine 
B) riboflavin 
C) retinol 
D) niacin

Question 7

Which of the following regarding the relationship between catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They occur in many of the same organelles. 
B) They occur at different times. 
C) Products of one process provide substrates for the other. 
D) Anabolism is exergonic while catabolism is endergonic. 
A) They occur in many of the same organelles. 
B) They occur at different times. 
C) Products of one process provide substrates for the other. 
D) Anabolism is exergonic while catabolism is endergonic.

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins is needed for coagulation of blood,and what must happen for it to be functional?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin D;a co-translational modification of serine 
B) vitamin K;a posttranslational carboxylation of glutamate 
C) vitamin D;a posttranslational glycosylation of serine 
D) vitamin E;a posttranslational glycosylation of tyrosine 
A) vitamin D;a co-translational modification of serine 
B) vitamin K;a posttranslational carboxylation of glutamate 
C) vitamin D;a posttranslational glycosylation of serine 
D) vitamin E;a posttranslational glycosylation of tyrosine

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is essential to vision?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D₂ 
D) vitamin B₁₂ 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin D₂ 
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 10

Which of the following coenzymes does NOT participate in electron transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) FAD 
B) biotin 
C) NAD⁺ 
D) vitamin C 
A) FAD 
B) biotin 
C) NAD⁺ 
D) vitamin C

Question 11

Which of the following 2 energy-rich primary products are generated from the transformation of light energy into chemical energy in phototrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP and NAD⁺ 
B) NADPH and ATP 
C) NADH and NADPH 
D) ATP and NADH 
A) ATP and NAD⁺ 
B) NADPH and ATP 
C) NADH and NADPH 
D) ATP and NADH

Question 12

Which of the following are dehydrogenases?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymes that move hydrogens within the molecule. 
B) Enzymes that add hydrogens across double bonds. 
C) Enzymes that transfer hydrogens between substrates. 
D) Enzymes that transfer hydride ions to NAD⁺ (or NADP+)and release a proton. 
A) Enzymes that move hydrogens within the molecule. 
B) Enzymes that add hydrogens across double bonds. 
C) Enzymes that transfer hydrogens between substrates. 
D) Enzymes that transfer hydride ions to NAD⁺ (or NADP+)and release a proton.

Question 13

Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated twice to form 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol,which acts like a hormone.Which of the following does it regulate?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium and chloride metabolism 
B) sodium and calcium metabolism 
C) calcium and phosphate metabolism 
D) sodium and phosphate metabolism 
A) calcium and chloride metabolism 
B) sodium and calcium metabolism 
C) calcium and phosphate metabolism 
D) sodium and phosphate metabolism

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) carry functional groups 
B) maintain original structure 
C) provide a broader range of catalytic properties 
D) can be derived from water-soluble vitamins 
A) carry functional groups 
B) maintain original structure 
C) provide a broader range of catalytic properties 
D) can be derived from water-soluble vitamins

Question 15

Which of the following are the final products of aerobic catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate and H₂O 
B) acetyl-CoA and CO₂ 
C) CO₂ and H₂O 
D) pyruvate and acetyl-CoA 
A) pyruvate and H₂O 
B) acetyl-CoA and CO₂ 
C) CO₂ and H₂O 
D) pyruvate and acetyl-CoA

Question 16

Which of the following terms defines the most ancient of the metabolic pathways in which energy is released from glucose and captured in the form of ATP under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) photo-oxidation 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) glycolysis 
A) photo-oxidation 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) glycolysis

Question 17

Which of the following is the major advantage of a multi-enzyme complex?

Accepted Answer

A) Its large size enables it to span an entire membrane. 
B) The product of one enzyme is passed directly to the next enzyme without the possibility of diffusion. 
C) Multi-enzyme complexes are much less likely to be inhibited. 
D) It confers enzyme instability. 
A) Its large size enables it to span an entire membrane. 
B) The product of one enzyme is passed directly to the next enzyme without the possibility of diffusion. 
C) Multi-enzyme complexes are much less likely to be inhibited. 
D) It confers enzyme instability.

Question 18

Which of the following is formed from acetate units to provide metabolic fuel for the brain and other tissue when carbohydrate intake is low?

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids 
B) ketone bodies 
C) amino acids 
D) sterols 
A) fatty acids 
B) ketone bodies 
C) amino acids 
D) sterols

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of anabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of new covalent bonds 
B) breakdown of complex molecules 
C) formation of ATP 
D) acceptance of electron by NADPH 
A) formation of new covalent bonds 
B) breakdown of complex molecules 
C) formation of ATP 
D) acceptance of electron by NADPH

Question 20

Which of the following digestion and absorption pathways do retinol and the carotenoids follow?

Accepted Answer

A) complex carbohydrate 
B) protein 
C) lipid 
D) nucleic acid 
A) complex carbohydrate 
B) protein 
C) lipid 
D) nucleic acid

Exam 16: Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Which of the following is the major advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)spectroscopy for the investigation of metabolism?

Which of the following is NOT a dietary fibre?

Which of the following enzymes serve as the points of regulation in the case of shared anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Which of the following is a possible function of NADPH?

In which of the following cellular compartments are the enzymes of glycolysis and those of the citric acid cycle found in muscle cells?

Which of the following vitamins is NOT a coenzyme or a precursor of a coenzyme?

Which of the following regarding the relationship between catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Which of the following vitamins is needed for coagulation of blood,and what must happen for it to be functional?

Which of the following vitamins is essential to vision?

Which of the following coenzymes does NOT participate in electron transfer?

Which of the following 2 energy-rich primary products are generated from the transformation of light energy into chemical energy in phototrophs?

Which of the following are dehydrogenases?

Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated twice to form 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol,which acts like a hormone.Which of the following does it regulate?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of coenzymes?

Which of the following are the final products of aerobic catabolism?

Which of the following terms defines the most ancient of the metabolic pathways in which energy is released from glucose and captured in the form of ATP under anaerobic conditions?

Which of the following is the major advantage of a multi-enzyme complex?

Which of the following is formed from acetate units to provide metabolic fuel for the brain and other tissue when carbohydrate intake is low?

Which of the following is a characteristic of anabolism?

Which of the following digestion and absorption pathways do retinol and the carotenoids follow?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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