Question 1

Which of the following best characterizes plant sterols?

Accepted Answer

A) so similar to cholesterol that they undergo the same physiology and metabolism 
B) different isomers of cholesterol at the double bond location only 
C) to be avoided in your diet because they elevate blood cholesterol levels 
D) highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells 
A) so similar to cholesterol that they undergo the same physiology and metabolism 
B) different isomers of cholesterol at the double bond location only 
C) to be avoided in your diet because they elevate blood cholesterol levels 
D) highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells D

Question 2

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) progesterone 
B) dolichol 
C) epinephrine 
D) histamine 
A) progesterone 
B) dolichol 
C) epinephrine 
D) histamine A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a plant steroid?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol 
B) campesterol 
C) stigmasterol 
D) β-sitosterol 
A) cortisol 
B) campesterol 
C) stigmasterol 
D) β-sitosterol A

Question 4

Which of the following steroid hormones participate in the control of carbohydrate,protein,and lipid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) progestins 
B) androgens 
C) estrogens 
D) glucocorticoids 
A) progestins 
B) androgens 
C) estrogens 
D) glucocorticoids

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct definition of a lipid?

Accepted Answer

A) Triacylglycerol is formed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids,and is the primary lipid of membranes. 
B) A phospholipid contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate,and very often forms bilayers. 
C) Wax contains a fatty acid and alcohol,and is used primarily for energy storage. 
D) Palmitic acid is the most commonly produced unsaturated fatty acid in animals. 
A) Triacylglycerol is formed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids,and is the primary lipid of membranes. 
B) A phospholipid contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate,and very often forms bilayers. 
C) Wax contains a fatty acid and alcohol,and is used primarily for energy storage. 
D) Palmitic acid is the most commonly produced unsaturated fatty acid in animals.

Question 6

Which of the following diets should be used to reduce coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A) low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids 
B) low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids 
C) high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids 
D) high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids 
A) low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids 
B) low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids 
C) high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids 
D) high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids

Question 7

Which of the following is a cellular function of glycosphingolipids?

Accepted Answer

A) water-repellent properties of animal skin 
B) tissue and organ non-specific 
C) involvement in nerve impulse transmission 
D) hormone-receptor recognition 
A) water-repellent properties of animal skin 
B) tissue and organ non-specific 
C) involvement in nerve impulse transmission 
D) hormone-receptor recognition

Question 8

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipase A1 
B) phospholipase A2 
C) phospholipase C 
D) phospholipase D 
A) phospholipase A1 
B) phospholipase A2 
C) phospholipase C 
D) phospholipase D

Question 9

Which of the following phospholipids participate in complex cellular signalling events?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphatidylcholine;phosphatidylserine 
B) phosphatidylserine;phosphatidylalanine 
C) phosphatidylinositol;phosphatidylcholine 
D) phosphatidylcholine;phosphatidylglycerol 
A) phosphatidylcholine;phosphatidylserine 
B) phosphatidylserine;phosphatidylalanine 
C) phosphatidylinositol;phosphatidylcholine 
D) phosphatidylcholine;phosphatidylglycerol

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a terpene?

Accepted Answer

A) squalene 
B) α-tocopherol (vitamin 
E)  
C) coenzyme Q (UQ) 
D) cetyl palmitate (spermaceti) 
A) squalene 
B) α-tocopherol (vitamin 
E)  
C) coenzyme Q (UQ) 
D) cetyl palmitate (spermaceti)

Question 11

Which of the following linkages is found at the 1-hydroxyl moiety in glycosphingolipids?

Accepted Answer

A) ester 
B) amide 
C) β-glycosidic 
D) ether 
A) ester 
B) amide 
C) β-glycosidic 
D) ether

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of glycerophospholipids?

Accepted Answer

A) They are essential components of cell membranes 
B) They also called sphingolipids. 
C) They are made up of 1,2-diacylglycerol and two phosphate groups. 
D) They are members of the steroid family. 
A) They are essential components of cell membranes 
B) They also called sphingolipids. 
C) They are made up of 1,2-diacylglycerol and two phosphate groups. 
D) They are members of the steroid family.

Question 13

Which of the following fatty acids are essential for human diets?

Accepted Answer

A) $\gamma$-linolenic and oleic acids 
B) oleic and linoleic acids 
C) palmitic and oleic acids 
D) linoleic and $\gamma$-linolenic acids 
A) $\gamma$-linolenic and oleic acids 
B) oleic and linoleic acids 
C) palmitic and oleic acids 
D) linoleic and $\gamma$-linolenic acids

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a sphingolipid. 
B) It is a potential mediator in inflammation,allergic responses,and shock. 
C) It has a beneficial effect on migraines. 
D) It is involved in fertilization of the egg in the uterine wall. 
A) It is a sphingolipid. 
B) It is a potential mediator in inflammation,allergic responses,and shock. 
C) It has a beneficial effect on migraines. 
D) It is involved in fertilization of the egg in the uterine wall.

Question 15

Which of the following types of fatty acids are most commonly found at positions 1 and 2,respectively,of the glycerol backbone in glycerol phosphatides?

Accepted Answer

A) saturated;saturated 
B) unsaturated;saturated 
C) saturated;unsaturated 
D) unsaturated;unsaturated 
A) saturated;saturated 
B) unsaturated;saturated 
C) saturated;unsaturated 
D) unsaturated;unsaturated

Question 16

Which of the following is a feature of dolichols?

Accepted Answer

A) They are carriers of carbohydrate units in the biosynthesis of pyruvate. 
B) They form dolichyl carbamates. 
C) They are a class of glycerophospholipids. 
D) They are polymers of 16-22 isoprene units 
A) They are carriers of carbohydrate units in the biosynthesis of pyruvate. 
B) They form dolichyl carbamates. 
C) They are a class of glycerophospholipids. 
D) They are polymers of 16-22 isoprene units

Question 17

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) desmolase 
B) 17α-hydroxylase 
C) 17,20-lyase 
D) 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 
A) desmolase 
B) 17α-hydroxylase 
C) 17,20-lyase 
D) 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Question 18

What is this structure an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) a diacylglycerol 
B) a triacylglycerol 
C) a wax ester 
D) an eicosanoid 
A) a diacylglycerol 
B) a triacylglycerol 
C) a wax ester 
D) an eicosanoid

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) They are found mostly in free form. 
B) They are either saturated or unsaturated. 
C) They are found mostly with an odd number of carbons. 
D) They are found only in linear and branched. 
A) They are found mostly in free form. 
B) They are either saturated or unsaturated. 
C) They are found mostly with an odd number of carbons. 
D) They are found only in linear and branched.

Question 20

What does this structure represent?

Accepted Answer

A) sphingomyelin 
B) phosphatidylcholine 
C) platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
A) sphingomyelin 
B) phosphatidylcholine 
C) platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine

Exam 8: Lipids

Which of the following best characterizes plant sterols?

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Which of the following is NOT a plant steroid?

Which of the following steroid hormones participate in the control of carbohydrate,protein,and lipid metabolism?

Which of the following is a correct definition of a lipid?

Which of the following diets should be used to reduce coronary heart disease?

Which of the following is a cellular function of glycosphingolipids?

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids?

Which of the following phospholipids participate in complex cellular signalling events?

Which of the following is NOT a terpene?

Which of the following linkages is found at the 1-hydroxyl moiety in glycosphingolipids?

Which of the following is a feature of glycerophospholipids?

Which of the following fatty acids are essential for human diets?

Which of the following is a characteristic of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Which of the following types of fatty acids are most commonly found at positions 1 and 2,respectively,of the glycerol backbone in glycerol phosphatides?

Which of the following is a feature of dolichols?

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes this reaction?

What is this structure an example of?

Which of the following is a feature of fatty acids?

What does this structure represent?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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