Exam 5: Macronutrient Metabolism

The "insulin antagonist" hormone is thyroxine.

Factors that justify a possible increased need for protein among those involved in exercise training include all of the following except:

Fat cells in the gluteal-femoral region represent a particularly lively area for lipolysis compared with adipocytes in the subcutaneous abdominal region.

The relative contributions from the three energy transfer systems fall on a continuum depending on the exercise intensity and duration.

When athletes consume a high-carbohydrate diet rather than a high-fat diet, __________.

The ATP-PC systems provide about one-half of the energy required for intense exercise lasting 10 minutes, whereas aerobic reactions provide the remainder.

Compared with lipid, carbohydrate generates about __________ more energy per unit of oxygen consumed.

Although protein breakdown generally increases only modestly with exercise, muscle protein synthesis decreases markedly following both endurance and resistance-type exercise.

Carbohydrate availability during exercise helps to regulate __________ and its use for energy.

Carbohydrate and protein breakdown use identical pathways for vitamin A and CoA oxidation.

The typical American diet contains a daily fiber intake of about 4 to 8 grams.

A blood glucose level below 45 mg/100 mL of blood constitutes a hypoglycemic level.

From the standpoint of energy supply, a low-carbohydrate diet makes __________ to engage in vigorous physical activity.

Well-nourished endurance athletes rely almost completely on __________ oxidation during near-maximal, sustained aerobic effort.

Endurance athletes commonly refer to the extreme sensation of fatigue due to carbohydrate depletion as __________.

Represents the most rapid energy system to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

Which of the following is not a factor that influences the fuel mixture that powers physical activity?

The branched chain amino acids leucine, valine, and isoleucine are often oxidized in skeletal muscle.

Dietary fibers that show a cholesterol-lowering effect are contained only in fruit.

Cholesterol is a constituent of all hormones.