Exam 5: Macronutrient Metabolism

The fuel mixture that powers physical activity generally depends on the intensity and duration of effort.

With carbohydrate depletion, exercise capacity (expressed as a percentage of maximum) progressively decreases after 2 hours to 50% of the starting intensity.

Intense physical activity continued beyond 90 seconds places a progressively greater demand on the relatively slower __________ energy pathways.

Endurance capacity of individuals fed a high-carbohydrate diet tends to be __________ than individuals fed a high-fat diet.

Toward the end of prolonged exercise for more than 2 hours, circulating __________ supply (supplies) nearly 80% of the total energy contribution.

Fatty acids from each of the following sources except __________ supply the major energy for light exercise.

Muscle protein breakdown rises markedly after both endurance and resistance-type exercise.

During 30 minutes of intense exercise, blood glucose decreases to hyperglycemic levels.

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level less than 90 mg/100 mL of blood.

__________ stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver and active muscle.

Endurance capacity averaged about __________ times greater when subjects consumed a high-carbohydrate rather than a high-fat diet.

After a few seconds of intense exercise, the glycolytic pathway generates an increasingly greater proportion of energy from carbohydrate sources.

The hormone insulin activates hormone-sensitive lipase.

Initiation of exercise produces a prolonged decrease in plasma FFA.

Regular aerobic exercise profoundly improves ability to oxidize long-chain fatty acids during mild- to moderate-intensity exercise.

Which of the following reflects an aerobic training adaptation that enhances lipid oxidation during exercise?

The catecholamine response of women after exercise training tends to be __________ compared with that of men.

Lactose consists of glucose plus fructose.

A 2-hour strenuous workout greatly depletes glycogen in the liver and specifically exercised muscles.

Inadequate insulin production by the pancreas to control blood sugar is a factor that can produce high blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.