Question 1

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homeless individuals 
B)  Individuals with AIDS 
C)  Persons who experience acute asthma attacks 
D)  Those living in institutions 
A)  Homeless individuals 
B)  Individuals with AIDS 
C)  Persons who experience acute asthma attacks 
D)  Those living in institutions

Question 2

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  Occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  Unproductive cough with absence of sputum 
D)  Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray 
A)  A positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  Occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  Unproductive cough with absence of sputum 
D)  Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray

Question 3

Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic factor. 
B)  obesity. 
C)  vitamin deficiencies. 
D)  a developmental defect. 
A)  a genetic factor. 
B)  obesity. 
C)  vitamin deficiencies. 
D)  a developmental defect.

Question 4

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

Accepted Answer

A)  The microbe is present in the sputum of all patients with a positive TB skin test. 
B)  The infection is transmitted primarily by blood from an infected person. 
C)  TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. 
D)  The microbe is quickly destroyed by the immune response. 
A)  The microbe is present in the sputum of all patients with a positive TB skin test. 
B)  The infection is transmitted primarily by blood from an infected person. 
C)  TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. 
D)  The microbe is quickly destroyed by the immune response.

Question 5

Which of the following is a significant early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in a smoker?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequent nonproductive cough 
B)  Fever, dyspnea, generalized aching 
C)  Production of large volumes of purulent sputum 
D)  Hemoptysis and weight loss 
A)  Frequent nonproductive cough 
B)  Fever, dyspnea, generalized aching 
C)  Production of large volumes of purulent sputum 
D)  Hemoptysis and weight loss

Question 6

What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide on hemoglobin molecules 
B)  Full saturation of all heme molecules by oxygen 
C)  Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule 
D)  Oxygen combined with iron in the hemoglobin molecule 
A)  Replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide on hemoglobin molecules 
B)  Full saturation of all heme molecules by oxygen 
C)  Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule 
D)  Oxygen combined with iron in the hemoglobin molecule

Question 7

Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradycardia and dyspnea 
B)  Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side 
C)  Decreased breath sounds on the affected side 
D)  Rales and rhonchi 
A)  Bradycardia and dyspnea 
B)  Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side 
C)  Decreased breath sounds on the affected side 
D)  Rales and rhonchi

Question 8

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

Accepted Answer

A)  expiratory reserve volume. 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume. 
C)  total lung capacity. 
D)  vital capacity. 
A)  expiratory reserve volume. 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume. 
C)  total lung capacity. 
D)  vital capacity.

Question 9

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain 
B)  Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing 
C)  Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning 
D)  Harsh barking cough and wheezing 
A)  Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain 
B)  Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing 
C)  Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning 
D)  Harsh barking cough and wheezing

Question 10

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air trapping and hyperinflation 
B)  Persistent coughing to remove mucus 
C)  Recurrent damage to lung tissues 
D)  Dilated bronchi and increased mucous secretions 
A)  Air trapping and hyperinflation 
B)  Persistent coughing to remove mucus 
C)  Recurrent damage to lung tissues 
D)  Dilated bronchi and increased mucous secretions

Question 11

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion 
B)  Adhesions and fibrosis in the pleural membranes 
C)  Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls 
D)  Fixation of the ribs in the inspiratory position 
A)  Bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion 
B)  Adhesions and fibrosis in the pleural membranes 
C)  Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls 
D)  Fixation of the ribs in the inspiratory position

Question 12

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hoarse cough 
B)  Rapid loss of consciousness 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Inflammation of the mucosa 
A)  Hoarse cough 
B)  Rapid loss of consciousness 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Inflammation of the mucosa

Question 13

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Legionella pneumophila. 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii. 
A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Legionella pneumophila. 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii.

Question 14

Choose the correct reason for severe hypoxia occurring with pulmonary edema:

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion of oxygen into the alveoli is impaired. 
B)  Fluid in the pleural cavity prevents normal lung expansion. 
C)  Increased concentration of CO2 impairs diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  Increased blood flow through the lungs prevents diffusion of gases. 
A)  Diffusion of oxygen into the alveoli is impaired. 
B)  Fluid in the pleural cavity prevents normal lung expansion. 
C)  Increased concentration of CO2 impairs diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  Increased blood flow through the lungs prevents diffusion of gases.

Question 15

What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection 
B)  Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus 
C)  Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum 
D)  Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity 
A)  Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection 
B)  Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus 
C)  Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum 
D)  Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity

Question 16

When does flail chest usually occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes. 
B)  The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib. 
C)  Several ribs are fractured at two sites. 
D)  Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis. 
A)  An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes. 
B)  The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib. 
C)  Several ribs are fractured at two sites. 
D)  Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis.

Question 17

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Influenza virus 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Pneumococcus 
A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Influenza virus 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Pneumococcus

Question 18

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrosis and loss of compliance 
B)  Frequent bronchospasm 
C)  Increased number of mucus-producing glands 
D)  Distorted shape of the thorax 
A)  Fibrosis and loss of compliance 
B)  Frequent bronchospasm 
C)  Increased number of mucus-producing glands 
D)  Distorted shape of the thorax

Question 19

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28)
PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45)
Serum pH 7.0

Accepted Answer

A)  Compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  Decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  Compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decompensated respiratory acidosis 
A)  Compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  Decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  Compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decompensated respiratory acidosis

Question 20

Which of the following applies to anthrax infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a virus that mutates frequently. 
B)  When inhaled, it causes flulike symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress. 
C)  There is a long incubation period, often months, following exposure. 
D)  It is a common infection in North America. 
A)  It is caused by a virus that mutates frequently. 
B)  When inhaled, it causes flulike symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress. 
C)  There is a long incubation period, often months, following exposure. 
D)  It is a common infection in North America.

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

Which of the following is a significant early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in a smoker?

What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?

Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

Choose the correct reason for severe hypoxia occurring with pulmonary edema:

What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

When does flail chest usually occur?

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0

Which of the following applies to anthrax infection?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

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What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO₂ 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0