Question 1

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  cancer tumor. 
C)  damage of lung tissue due to smoking. 
D)  emphysema. 
A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  cancer tumor. 
C)  damage of lung tissue due to smoking. 
D)  emphysema.

Question 2

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly patients are predisposed to secondary infections. 
B)  The virus is transmitted by numerous routes. 
C)  The virus is very difficult to destroy. 
D)  Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections. 
A)  Elderly patients are predisposed to secondary infections. 
B)  The virus is transmitted by numerous routes. 
C)  The virus is very difficult to destroy. 
D)  Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections.

Question 3

What is the cause of Legionnaires' disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  A fungus 
C)  A gram-negative bacterium 
D)  Pneumococcus 
A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  A fungus 
C)  A gram-negative bacterium 
D)  Pneumococcus

Question 4

The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce bronchospasm. 
B)  force expansion of pleural membranes. 
C)  maintain an open airway. 
D)  awaken the person and increase respirations. 
A)  reduce bronchospasm. 
B)  force expansion of pleural membranes. 
C)  maintain an open airway. 
D)  awaken the person and increase respirations.

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT apply to carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  It diffuses across membranes much more easily than does oxygen. 
B)  It is carried in blood as carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  It can be converted into bicarbonate ion. 
D)  It is replaced on hemoglobin by oxygen in the lungs. 
A)  It diffuses across membranes much more easily than does oxygen. 
B)  It is carried in blood as carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  It can be converted into bicarbonate ion. 
D)  It is replaced on hemoglobin by oxygen in the lungs.

Question 6

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant respiratory distress syndrome 
B)  Failure to excrete meconium 
C)  Taste of ammonia on the skin 
D)  Lack of bile secretions 
A)  Infant respiratory distress syndrome 
B)  Failure to excrete meconium 
C)  Taste of ammonia on the skin 
D)  Lack of bile secretions

Question 7

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal, PCO2 levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease also. 
C)  may or may not change. 
D)  increase slightly. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease also. 
C)  may or may not change. 
D)  increase slightly.

Question 8

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  Drugs that block b2-adrenergic receptors 
A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  Drugs that block b2-adrenergic receptors

Question 9

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue 
B)  Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough 
C)  Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum 
D)  Wheezing and stridor 
A)  Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue 
B)  Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough 
C)  Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum 
D)  Wheezing and stridor

Question 10

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gradual degeneration and fibrosis 
B)  Continuous severe attacks unresponsive to medication 
C)  A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators 
D)  Hyperresponsive mucosa 
A)  Gradual degeneration and fibrosis 
B)  Continuous severe attacks unresponsive to medication 
C)  A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators 
D)  Hyperresponsive mucosa

Question 11

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced pressure of the abdominal organs on the diaphragm 
B)  Depression of the vomiting center by anesthetics and analgesics 
C)  Vomiting caused by drugs or anesthesia 
D)  Lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours 
A)  Reduced pressure of the abdominal organs on the diaphragm 
B)  Depression of the vomiting center by anesthetics and analgesics 
C)  Vomiting caused by drugs or anesthesia 
D)  Lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours

Question 12

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion. 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea. 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions. 
A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion. 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea. 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions.

Question 13

Orthopnea is:

Accepted Answer

A)  very deep, rapid respirations. 
B)  difficulty breathing when lying down. 
C)  waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath. 
D)  noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi. 
A)  very deep, rapid respirations. 
B)  difficulty breathing when lying down. 
C)  waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath. 
D)  noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi.

Question 14

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When host resistance is decreased 
B)  When a hypersensitivity reaction is initiated 
C)  When the BCG vaccine is not administered immediately following exposure to the microbe 
D)  When Ghon complexes form in the lungs 
A)  When host resistance is decreased 
B)  When a hypersensitivity reaction is initiated 
C)  When the BCG vaccine is not administered immediately following exposure to the microbe 
D)  When Ghon complexes form in the lungs

Question 15

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years 
C)  Bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  Bacterial infection in child, 3 to 7 years 
A)  Viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years 
C)  Bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  Bacterial infection in child, 3 to 7 years

Question 16

Infant respiratory distress syndrome results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  insufficient surfactant production. 
B)  incomplete expiration shortly after birth. 
C)  retention of fluid in the lungs after birth. 
D)  immature neural control of respirations. 
A)  insufficient surfactant production. 
B)  incomplete expiration shortly after birth. 
C)  retention of fluid in the lungs after birth. 
D)  immature neural control of respirations.

Question 17

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased diffusion of carbon dioxide from the alveoli. 
B)  interference with expansion of the lungs. 
C)  constant cough and hemoptysis. 
D)  decreased recoil of lungs and ineffective expiration. 
A)  decreased diffusion of carbon dioxide from the alveoli. 
B)  interference with expansion of the lungs. 
C)  constant cough and hemoptysis. 
D)  decreased recoil of lungs and ineffective expiration.

Question 18

Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Klebsiella oxytoca. 
B)  Candida albicans. 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
A)  Klebsiella oxytoca. 
B)  Candida albicans. 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 19

Which factor usually causes metabolic acidosis to develop in association with hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic metabolism 
B)  Failure to excrete CO2 
C)  Liver dysfunction 
D)  Increased blood volume 
A)  Anaerobic metabolism 
B)  Failure to excrete CO2 
C)  Liver dysfunction 
D)  Increased blood volume

Question 20

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause pulmonary edema. 
B)  cause hypocapnia. 
C)  increase lung expansion. 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart. 
A)  cause pulmonary edema. 
B)  cause hypocapnia. 
C)  increase lung expansion. 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart.

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

What is the cause of Legionnaires' disease?

The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:

Which of the following does NOT apply to carbon dioxide?

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal, PCO2 levels:

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

Orthopnea is:

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Infant respiratory distress syndrome results from:

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:

Which factor usually causes metabolic acidosis to develop in association with hypoxia?

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters

Whenever PO₂ levels decrease below normal, PCO₂ levels: