Question 1

A primary target tissue for insulin is the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain only. 
B)  liver only. 
C)  intestine only. 
D)  brain and liver. 
E)  brain, liver, and intestine. 
A)  brain only. 
B)  liver only. 
C)  intestine only. 
D)  brain and liver. 
E)  brain, liver, and intestine.

Question 2

Brown fat

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in infants. 
B)  functions in nonshivering thermogenesis. 
C)  contains a rich vascular supply. 
D)  is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  is found in infants. 
B)  functions in nonshivering thermogenesis. 
C)  contains a rich vascular supply. 
D)  is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. 
E)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 3

The beta cells of the pancreas produce

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cortisol. 
E)  digestive enzymes. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cortisol. 
E)  digestive enzymes.

Question 4

Kathy and Sally have been best friends since high school.Each is 5'5" tall and weighs about 160 lbs., which is considered to be overweight.Kathy's blood pressure is 125/82 and her blood analysis shows healthy levels of glucose and lipids.Sally's blood pressure is 135/87 and her blood analysis shows elevated glucose and triglycerides.Given that they are the same height and weight, would you expect their blood analyses to be more similar? Explain.Would you expect their body shapes to be similar? Explain.Which one is more likely to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Blood amounts of glucose and lipids are

Question 5

The synthesis of glucose from a noncarbohydrate precursor is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis. 
B)  glycogenolysis. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  gluconeogenesis. 
E)  glycogen. 
A)  glycogenesis. 
B)  glycogenolysis. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  gluconeogenesis. 
E)  glycogen.

Question 6

Lipoproteins that carry mostly cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral tissues to the liver are called

Accepted Answer

A)  very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). 
B)  low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). 
C)  intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs). 
D)  high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). 
E)  very high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs). 
A)  very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). 
B)  low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). 
C)  intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs). 
D)  high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). 
E)  very high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs).

Question 7

Explain the relationship among chylomicrons, cholesterol, and the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL, HDL, etc.).What is the role of each one in the body? Why are some considered "bad" and others "good"? Where does each come from? Where could each end up?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons are complexes composed of t

Question 8

In the study by Morewedge et al., subjects that imagined eating 30 M&M's one at a time ate fewer real M&M's than subjects who thought about eating only 3 M&M's.What possible reason can you think of to explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

Psychological factors, such as "imagined

Question 9

Gluconeogenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  converting glucose to glycogen storage. 
B)  removing glucose from storage as glycogen. 
C)  creating glucose from glycerol, amino acids, or lactate. 
D)  converting glucose to storage as adipose tissue. 
E)  removing fatty acids from adipose storage. 
A)  converting glucose to glycogen storage. 
B)  removing glucose from storage as glycogen. 
C)  creating glucose from glycerol, amino acids, or lactate. 
D)  converting glucose to storage as adipose tissue. 
E)  removing fatty acids from adipose storage.

Question 10

A genetic condition in which body temperature becomes abnormally elevated is ________.

Accepted Answer

malignant

Question 11

Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo

Accepted Answer

A)  denaturation. 
B)  deamination. 
C)  detoxification. 
D)  depeptidization. 
E)  delousing. 
A)  denaturation. 
B)  deamination. 
C)  detoxification. 
D)  depeptidization. 
E)  delousing.

Question 12

Which of the following can be measured to determine a person's metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  only heat released from body in sealed chamber 
B)  only oxygen consumed by body in sealed chamber 
C)  only carbon dioxide produced by body in sealed chamber 
D)  heat released from body in sealed chamber, oxygen consumed by body in sealed chamber, and carbon dioxide produced by body in sealed chamber 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  only heat released from body in sealed chamber 
B)  only oxygen consumed by body in sealed chamber 
C)  only carbon dioxide produced by body in sealed chamber 
D)  heat released from body in sealed chamber, oxygen consumed by body in sealed chamber, and carbon dioxide produced by body in sealed chamber 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 13

GLUT4 transporters are

Accepted Answer

A)  only stored in cytoplasmic vesicles. 
B)  only inserted in response to glucagon. 
C)  only inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis. 
D)  only found in adipose and skeletal muscles. 
E)  stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles. 
A)  only stored in cytoplasmic vesicles. 
B)  only inserted in response to glucagon. 
C)  only inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis. 
D)  only found in adipose and skeletal muscles. 
E)  stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles.

Question 14

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the total amount of energy in the universe is variable. 
B)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed and thus must be accounted for. 
C)  what heats up must cool down. 
D)  natural processes move from order to disorder, or entropy. 
E)  there is no way a process can increase the amount of order. 
A)  the total amount of energy in the universe is variable. 
B)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed and thus must be accounted for. 
C)  what heats up must cool down. 
D)  natural processes move from order to disorder, or entropy. 
E)  there is no way a process can increase the amount of order.

Question 15

During the absorptive state,

Accepted Answer

A)  the liver forms glycogen. 
B)  adipocytes contribute fatty acids to the circulation. 
C)  skeletal muscles break down glycogen. 
D)  glucagon levels are elevated. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  the liver forms glycogen. 
B)  adipocytes contribute fatty acids to the circulation. 
C)  skeletal muscles break down glycogen. 
D)  glucagon levels are elevated. 
E)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids, amino acids, or other carbohydrates is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids,...

Question 17

A harmful substance that the liver produces when metabolizing fatty acids is

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ketone bodies. 
D)  rancid fatty acids. 
E)  beta units. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ketone bodies. 
D)  rancid fatty acids. 
E)  beta units.

Question 18

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  fats. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  vitamins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  fats. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  vitamins.

Question 19

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cortisol. 
E)  digestive enzymes. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  renin. 
D)  cortisol. 
E)  digestive enzymes.

Question 20

Damien, in training for the Boston marathon, finds his plasma cholesterol concentration is somewhat elevated.What other test results should Damien review before changing his training regime or diet?

Accepted Answer

Exercise often increases the levels of H

Exam 22: Metabolism and Energy Balance

A primary target tissue for insulin is the

Brown fat

The beta cells of the pancreas produce

The synthesis of glucose from a noncarbohydrate precursor is referred to as

Lipoproteins that carry mostly cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral tissues to the liver are called

Explain the relationship among chylomicrons, cholesterol, and the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL, HDL, etc.).What is the role of each one in the body? Why are some considered "bad" and others "good"? Where does each come from? Where could each end up?

In the study by Morewedge et al., subjects that imagined eating 30 M&M's one at a time ate fewer real M&M's than subjects who thought about eating only 3 M&M's.What possible reason can you think of to explain this observation?

Gluconeogenesis refers to

A genetic condition in which body temperature becomes abnormally elevated is ________.

Before converting amino acids into intermediates for energy metabolism, they must first undergo

Which of the following can be measured to determine a person's metabolic rate?

GLUT4 transporters are

The first law of thermodynamics states that

During the absorptive state,

The process of synthesizing glucose from lipids, amino acids, or other carbohydrates is called ________.

A harmful substance that the liver produces when metabolizing fatty acids is

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce

Damien, in training for the Boston marathon, finds his plasma cholesterol concentration is somewhat elevated.What other test results should Damien review before changing his training regime or diet?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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