Question 1

Upwelling on the eastern sides of oceans is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  The Coriolis effect 
B)  Local winds 
C)  Global-scale effects on climate 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The Coriolis effect 
B)  Local winds 
C)  Global-scale effects on climate 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

The two factors that most affect sea water density are

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature and salinity 
B)  Temperature and oxygen 
C)  Oxygen and salinity 
D)  Nitrogen and temperature 
A)  Temperature and salinity 
B)  Temperature and oxygen 
C)  Oxygen and salinity 
D)  Nitrogen and temperature

Question 3

The North Atlantic Deep Water lies above the Antarctic Bottom Water because

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene glaciers are the source of the Antarctic Bottom Water 
B)  The North Atlantic Deep Water is formed later in the season, after the Antarctic Bottom Water 
C)  The North Atlantic Deep Water is of lower density than the Antarctic Bottom Water 
D)  The Antarctic Bottom Water is a permanent feature on the seafloor and never moves 
A)  Pleistocene glaciers are the source of the Antarctic Bottom Water 
B)  The North Atlantic Deep Water is formed later in the season, after the Antarctic Bottom Water 
C)  The North Atlantic Deep Water is of lower density than the Antarctic Bottom Water 
D)  The Antarctic Bottom Water is a permanent feature on the seafloor and never moves

Question 4

Ultraviolet light is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  It is harmful to marine life, owing to the damage it does to DNA 
B)  It penetrates much deeper than other wave lengths of light and is important in photosynthesis 
C)  It causes beneficial warming of living tissues 
D)  It stimulates protein synthesis 
A)  It is harmful to marine life, owing to the damage it does to DNA 
B)  It penetrates much deeper than other wave lengths of light and is important in photosynthesis 
C)  It causes beneficial warming of living tissues 
D)  It stimulates protein synthesis

Question 5

Practical salinity units are based upon

Accepted Answer

A)  The conductivity of sea water 
B)  The mass of salts found after evaporating a sea water sample 
C)  The carbon content of sea water 
D)  The chlorine plus calcium concentration of sea water 
A)  The conductivity of sea water 
B)  The mass of salts found after evaporating a sea water sample 
C)  The carbon content of sea water 
D)  The chlorine plus calcium concentration of sea water

Question 6

Pycnoclines are

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertical gradients in temperature only 
B)  Vertical gradients in sea water density 
C)  Vertical gradients in oxygen concentration 
D)  Small-scale changes in current structure 
A)  Vertical gradients in temperature only 
B)  Vertical gradients in sea water density 
C)  Vertical gradients in oxygen concentration 
D)  Small-scale changes in current structure

Question 7

An oxygen minimum layer develops

Accepted Answer

A)  In a fjord at low tide 
B)  At a depth in the water column in the open ocean in the western Pacific 
C)  Within the sediment, just above a burrowed zone 
D)  All of the above 
A)  In a fjord at low tide 
B)  At a depth in the water column in the open ocean in the western Pacific 
C)  Within the sediment, just above a burrowed zone 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Fjords

Accepted Answer

A)  Have an open connection with the ocean and are usually well oxygenated 
B)  Always have the same salinity as the adjacent oceanic area 
C)  Are never affected by tides 
D)  Are likely to have anoxic bottom waters 
A)  Have an open connection with the ocean and are usually well oxygenated 
B)  Always have the same salinity as the adjacent oceanic area 
C)  Are never affected by tides 
D)  Are likely to have anoxic bottom waters

Question 9

Submarine canyons are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  Mid-oceanic ridges 
B)  The continental slope 
C)  Estuaries 
D)  The abyssal plain 
A)  Mid-oceanic ridges 
B)  The continental slope 
C)  Estuaries 
D)  The abyssal plain

Question 10

The Coriolis effect increases

Accepted Answer

A)  With increasing latitude 
B)  With increasing water depth 
C)  With decreasing latitude 
D)  Actually its effect is the same all over the Earth's surface 
A)  With increasing latitude 
B)  With increasing water depth 
C)  With decreasing latitude 
D)  Actually its effect is the same all over the Earth's surface

Question 11

During spring tides

Accepted Answer

A)  The Sun, Moon, and Earth are in line, but the Earth can be between, or on either side of, the Sun and Moon 
B)  The Earth must be in line with the Sun and Moon, but the Earth must be on one side of the Sun and Moon combined 
C)  The Spring Solstice occurs 
D)  The tidal range is the least 
A)  The Sun, Moon, and Earth are in line, but the Earth can be between, or on either side of, the Sun and Moon 
B)  The Earth must be in line with the Sun and Moon, but the Earth must be on one side of the Sun and Moon combined 
C)  The Spring Solstice occurs 
D)  The tidal range is the least

Question 12

Marginal seas tend to have properties that differ from the adjacent open ocean because

Accepted Answer

A)  Local evaporation may be high relative to precipitation 
B)  Marginal seas usually have restricted circulation with the adjacent open ocean 
C)  Local river input might reduce the salinity of the marginal sea 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Local evaporation may be high relative to precipitation 
B)  Marginal seas usually have restricted circulation with the adjacent open ocean 
C)  Local river input might reduce the salinity of the marginal sea 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

Salinity is often estimated by chlorinity because

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorine is the only major element of sea water 
B)  Chlorine is in constant ratio to sodium and other major elements 
C)  Chlorine can be separated from the rest of sea water simply by evaporation 
D)  Salinity is not estimated by chlorinity but by sodium concentration 
A)  Chlorine is the only major element of sea water 
B)  Chlorine is in constant ratio to sodium and other major elements 
C)  Chlorine can be separated from the rest of sea water simply by evaporation 
D)  Salinity is not estimated by chlorinity but by sodium concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is a typical range of open-ocean salinity in practical salinity units?

Accepted Answer

A)  5-10 
B)  32-38 
C)  40-50 
D)  15-18 
A)  5-10 
B)  32-38 
C)  40-50 
D)  15-18

Question 15

Which is good evidence for continental drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reconstructions of the orientation of ancient landmasses using magnetic minerals 
B)  The fit of continents much like a jigsaw puzzle 
C)  Matches of specific geological elements from different continents, such as faults 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Reconstructions of the orientation of ancient landmasses using magnetic minerals 
B)  The fit of continents much like a jigsaw puzzle 
C)  Matches of specific geological elements from different continents, such as faults 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

Many elements in seawater are found in constant ratios throughout the ocean because

Accepted Answer

A)  The input of dissolved substances from rivers is broadly constant throughout the ocean 
B)  Dissolved material in the ocean has been there for millions of years, with no input or removal 
C)  They remain in the ocean longer than the mixing time 
D)  This is not true; no elements are generally found in constant ratios 
A)  The input of dissolved substances from rivers is broadly constant throughout the ocean 
B)  Dissolved material in the ocean has been there for millions of years, with no input or removal 
C)  They remain in the ocean longer than the mixing time 
D)  This is not true; no elements are generally found in constant ratios

Question 17

Which of the following is a reasonable rate of seafloor spreading

Accepted Answer

A)  One meter per year 
B)  One cm per year 
C)  One cm per million years 
D)  Ten cm per million years 
A)  One meter per year 
B)  One cm per year 
C)  One cm per million years 
D)  Ten cm per million years

Question 18

Which of the following does not decrease salinity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Precipitation 
B)  Sea ice formation 
C)  River water flow 
D)  Melting of sea ice 
A)  Precipitation 
B)  Sea ice formation 
C)  River water flow 
D)  Melting of sea ice

Question 19

The Coriolis effect does not operate when

Accepted Answer

A)  Traveling east in the Northern Hemisphere 
B)  Traveling east at latitude 45 degrees north 
C)  Traveling east at the Equator 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Traveling east in the Northern Hemisphere 
B)  Traveling east at latitude 45 degrees north 
C)  Traveling east at the Equator 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following slopes corresponds most closely to that of the continental slope?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 degrees 
B)  3 degrees 
C)  0.1 degrees 
D)  20 degrees 
A)  10 degrees 
B)  3 degrees 
C)  0.1 degrees 
D)  20 degrees

Exam 2: The Oceanic Environment

Upwelling on the eastern sides of oceans is controlled by

The two factors that most affect sea water density are

The North Atlantic Deep Water lies above the Antarctic Bottom Water because

Ultraviolet light is important because

Practical salinity units are based upon

Pycnoclines are

An oxygen minimum layer develops

Fjords

Submarine canyons are found in

The Coriolis effect increases

During spring tides

Marginal seas tend to have properties that differ from the adjacent open ocean because

Salinity is often estimated by chlorinity because

Which of the following is a typical range of open-ocean salinity in practical salinity units?

Which is good evidence for continental drift?

Many elements in seawater are found in constant ratios throughout the ocean because

Which of the following is a reasonable rate of seafloor spreading

Which of the following does not decrease salinity?

The Coriolis effect does not operate when

Which of the following slopes corresponds most closely to that of the continental slope?

Sounding the Deep

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Polar Marine Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

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