Question 1

Planktotrophic eggs are

Accepted Answer

A)  Capable of fueling the entire lifetime nutritional needs of the larva 
B)  Only useful during the period that the larva is developing its feeding organ 
C)  Always floating at the surface 
D)  Always devoid of any food content 
A)  Capable of fueling the entire lifetime nutritional needs of the larva 
B)  Only useful during the period that the larva is developing its feeding organ 
C)  Always floating at the surface 
D)  Always devoid of any food content B

Question 2

Populations with sexual reproduction have been found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  Always more abundant than asexual populations of the same species 
B)  Always less abundant than asexual populations of the same species 
C)  Generally consisting of older individuals than asexual populations 
D)  More resistant to disease and parasites than asexual populations 
A)  Always more abundant than asexual populations of the same species 
B)  Always less abundant than asexual populations of the same species 
C)  Generally consisting of older individuals than asexual populations 
D)  More resistant to disease and parasites than asexual populations D

Question 3

Fish that spawn in fresh water but feed in continental shelf waters are

Accepted Answer

A)  Catadromous 
B)  Polytomous 
C)  Lecithotrophic 
D)  Anadromous 
A)  Catadromous 
B)  Polytomous 
C)  Lecithotrophic 
D)  Anadromous D

Question 4

Fully oceanic fish

Accepted Answer

A)  Nevertheless always have their juvenile stages in freshwater rivers 
B)  Have larval stages that always travel greater distances than the adult stage 
C)  Complete their life cycle in coastal open ocean waters 
D)  Always live seaward of the shelf-slope break 
A)  Nevertheless always have their juvenile stages in freshwater rivers 
B)  Have larval stages that always travel greater distances than the adult stage 
C)  Complete their life cycle in coastal open ocean waters 
D)  Always live seaward of the shelf-slope break

Question 5

Planktotrophic benthic species and migrating fish species have the following in common

Accepted Answer

A)  Both move at least thousands of kilometers 
B)  Both are completely faithful to specific spawning grounds 
C)  Both types have, respectively, more than one area in which to exploit resources 
D)  Spawning in fresh water, but adult feeding in saltwater 
A)  Both move at least thousands of kilometers 
B)  Both are completely faithful to specific spawning grounds 
C)  Both types have, respectively, more than one area in which to exploit resources 
D)  Spawning in fresh water, but adult feeding in saltwater

Question 6

Protogynous sequential hermaphroditism may be favored because when large, the individual

Accepted Answer

A)  Will produce more offspring if it makes eggs 
B)  Can compete successfully against other females for nesting sites 
C)  Can compete successfully against other males for mates 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Will produce more offspring if it makes eggs 
B)  Can compete successfully against other females for nesting sites 
C)  Can compete successfully against other males for mates 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

Benthic species with planktotrophic larvae

Accepted Answer

A)  Are more common in the Antarctic than anywhere else 
B)  Reach their maximum diversity in the tropics 
C)  Are the least common form of dispersal type in the ocean 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Are more common in the Antarctic than anywhere else 
B)  Reach their maximum diversity in the tropics 
C)  Are the least common form of dispersal type in the ocean 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

Larvae of estuarine benthic species

Accepted Answer

A)  May leave the estuary, but return depending upon water currents and wind 
B)  May leave the estuary but never return 
C)  Never leave the estuary 
D)  Are never planktonic, so as to prevent washout into coastal waters 
A)  May leave the estuary, but return depending upon water currents and wind 
B)  May leave the estuary but never return 
C)  Never leave the estuary 
D)  Are never planktonic, so as to prevent washout into coastal waters

Question 9

A planktotrophic larva

Accepted Answer

A)  Usually develops from rather large eggs 
B)  Is always capable of dispersal across oceans 
C)  Is not capable of settlement throughout all of its planktonic life 
D)  Settles only on hard substrata 
A)  Usually develops from rather large eggs 
B)  Is always capable of dispersal across oceans 
C)  Is not capable of settlement throughout all of its planktonic life 
D)  Settles only on hard substrata

Question 10

A sequential hermaphrodite that switches from male to female is

Accepted Answer

A)  Protandrous 
B)  Gonochoristic 
C)  Protogynous 
D)  Anachronistic 
A)  Protandrous 
B)  Gonochoristic 
C)  Protogynous 
D)  Anachronistic

Question 11

Nonsexual reproduction might produce a colony of connected genetically identical individuals known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  Colony 
B)  Reproductive population 
C)  Module 
D)  Eusocial 
A)  Colony 
B)  Reproductive population 
C)  Module 
D)  Eusocial

Question 12

Marine turtles

Accepted Answer

A)  Navigate by detecting the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field 
B)  Rarely nest at the same beach two times in a row 
C)  Usually die after nesting 
D)  Cannot use swimming to get to nesting sites and rely only on currents 
A)  Navigate by detecting the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field 
B)  Rarely nest at the same beach two times in a row 
C)  Usually die after nesting 
D)  Cannot use swimming to get to nesting sites and rely only on currents

Question 13

Reproductive effort should increase when a population

Accepted Answer

A)  Is subjected to lower adult mortality 
B)  Consists of sequential hermaphrodites 
C)  Has separate sexes 
D)  Is subjected to higher adult mortality 
A)  Is subjected to lower adult mortality 
B)  Consists of sequential hermaphrodites 
C)  Has separate sexes 
D)  Is subjected to higher adult mortality

Question 14

Larvae that move from estuaries onto the continental shelf

Accepted Answer

A)  Move passively with currents 
B)  Tend to rise on the ebb tide and sink on the flood tide 
C)  Have no tidal cycle, but a strong diurnal cycle 
D)  Never return to the estuary from which they came 
A)  Move passively with currents 
B)  Tend to rise on the ebb tide and sink on the flood tide 
C)  Have no tidal cycle, but a strong diurnal cycle 
D)  Never return to the estuary from which they came

Question 15

Which of the following adaptations might reduce genetic variability in a very local population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gonochoristic sex 
B)  Production of large numbers of floating eggs 
C)  Long dispersal distance 
D)  Eusociality 
A)  Gonochoristic sex 
B)  Production of large numbers of floating eggs 
C)  Long dispersal distance 
D)  Eusociality

Question 16

Increased environmental uncertainty should select for

Accepted Answer

A)  Very high reproductive effort with reproduction occurring just once 
B)  Reproduction spread out over several reproductive seasons 
C)  Extremely low reproductive effort 
D)  Nonsexual reproduction 
A)  Very high reproductive effort with reproduction occurring just once 
B)  Reproduction spread out over several reproductive seasons 
C)  Extremely low reproductive effort 
D)  Nonsexual reproduction

Question 17

Which larval type typically has the longest life span?

Accepted Answer

A)  Planktotrophic larvae 
B)  Lecithotrophic larvae 
C)  Crawlaway larvae 
D)  Brooded larvae 
A)  Planktotrophic larvae 
B)  Lecithotrophic larvae 
C)  Crawlaway larvae 
D)  Brooded larvae

Question 18

Which of the following species types would likely produce the smallest egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lecithotrophic species 
B)  Benthic species 
C)  Planktotrophic species 
D)  Estuarine species 
A)  Lecithotrophic species 
B)  Benthic species 
C)  Planktotrophic species 
D)  Estuarine species

Question 19

The outcome of sexual selection might be

Accepted Answer

A)  Improved feeding behavior 
B)  Increase in the brightness of tail spot coloration in males of a fish species 
C)  More efficient conversion of energy to production of eggs 
D)  Evolution of hermaphroditism 
A)  Improved feeding behavior 
B)  Increase in the brightness of tail spot coloration in males of a fish species 
C)  More efficient conversion of energy to production of eggs 
D)  Evolution of hermaphroditism

Question 20

Species with planktonic larvae, whose adults live successfully only at the upper limit of the intertidal zone,

Accepted Answer

A)  Will be able to settle successfully if their planktonic larvae are released for exactly 21 days 
B)  Will be able to settle successfully if their planktonic larvae are released at spring high tide and swim for 21 days 
C)  Will settle successfully if they are released in water and develop to the point of settlement in 14 days 
D)  Will settle successfully if first they are photopositive but are photonegative 14 days later 
A)  Will be able to settle successfully if their planktonic larvae are released for exactly 21 days 
B)  Will be able to settle successfully if their planktonic larvae are released at spring high tide and swim for 21 days 
C)  Will settle successfully if they are released in water and develop to the point of settlement in 14 days 
D)  Will settle successfully if first they are photopositive but are photonegative 14 days later

Exam 7: Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Planktotrophic eggs are

Populations with sexual reproduction have been found to be

Fish that spawn in fresh water but feed in continental shelf waters are

Fully oceanic fish

Planktotrophic benthic species and migrating fish species have the following in common

Protogynous sequential hermaphroditism may be favored because when large, the individual

Benthic species with planktotrophic larvae

Larvae of estuarine benthic species

A planktotrophic larva

A sequential hermaphrodite that switches from male to female is

Nonsexual reproduction might produce a colony of connected genetically identical individuals known as a

Marine turtles

Reproductive effort should increase when a population

Larvae that move from estuaries onto the continental shelf

Which of the following adaptations might reduce genetic variability in a very local population?

Increased environmental uncertainty should select for

Which larval type typically has the longest life span?

Which of the following species types would likely produce the smallest egg?

The outcome of sexual selection might be

Species with planktonic larvae, whose adults live successfully only at the upper limit of the intertidal zone,

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Polar Marine Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

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