Question 1

Most suspension feeders capture particles by

Accepted Answer

A)  A sieving process 
B)  Direct inertial impact on feeding structures 
C)  Using cilia to stop current flow 
D)  Gravitational deposition of particles 
A)  A sieving process 
B)  Direct inertial impact on feeding structures 
C)  Using cilia to stop current flow 
D)  Gravitational deposition of particles B

Question 2

Interstitial animals all

Accepted Answer

A)  Are usually worm-like in shape 
B)  Can swim away from the sediment 
C)  Have high fecundity 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Are usually worm-like in shape 
B)  Can swim away from the sediment 
C)  Have high fecundity 
D)  All of the above A

Question 3

Marine herbivores

Accepted Answer

A)  Are quite variable in the ability to feed on sea grasses 
B)  Cannot feed on macroalgae with secondary compounds 
C)  Can digest and assimilate all marine photosynthesizers 
D)  Can never feed on wood 
A)  Are quite variable in the ability to feed on sea grasses 
B)  Cannot feed on macroalgae with secondary compounds 
C)  Can digest and assimilate all marine photosynthesizers 
D)  Can never feed on wood A

Question 4

An example of a hydrostatic skeleton would be

Accepted Answer

A)  The chitin of an arthropod 
B)  Bones in a fish 
C)  Axial skeleton of a whale 
D)  A bivalve foot 
A)  The chitin of an arthropod 
B)  Bones in a fish 
C)  Axial skeleton of a whale 
D)  A bivalve foot

Question 5

Hydrogen sulfide is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  The absence of oxygen in sediment pore waters 
B)  The presence of strongly burrowing animals in sediments 
C)  The presence of oxygen in sediment pore waters 
D)  Strong bottom currents 
A)  The absence of oxygen in sediment pore waters 
B)  The presence of strongly burrowing animals in sediments 
C)  The presence of oxygen in sediment pore waters 
D)  Strong bottom currents

Question 6

Many crabs and lobsters have cutter and crusher claws

Accepted Answer

A)  To use crusher claws for feeding and the cutter claws for combat with other males 
B)  With the cutter claws in the juvenile stage and the crusher stage in mature adults 
C)  To manipulate prey with the cutter claws and break open prey with the crusher claws 
D)  All of the above 
A)  To use crusher claws for feeding and the cutter claws for combat with other males 
B)  With the cutter claws in the juvenile stage and the crusher stage in mature adults 
C)  To manipulate prey with the cutter claws and break open prey with the crusher claws 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

If you are a deposit feeder, it may be bad to process sediment through your gut too quickly because

Accepted Answer

A)  You may suffer osmotic problems 
B)  You will not have an opportunity to expose the food to digestive enzymes 
C)  The sediment will become too watery 
D)  You will be exposed inevitably to sulfide 
A)  You may suffer osmotic problems 
B)  You will not have an opportunity to expose the food to digestive enzymes 
C)  The sediment will become too watery 
D)  You will be exposed inevitably to sulfide

Question 8

Suspension feeders

Accepted Answer

A)  May actively sort and retain higher food quality particles 
B)  Collect particles only by passively inserting a feeding structure into a current 
C)  Cannot sort among particle types, once they impact a feeding structure 
D)  Do much better when particle density is extremely high 
A)  May actively sort and retain higher food quality particles 
B)  Collect particles only by passively inserting a feeding structure into a current 
C)  Cannot sort among particle types, once they impact a feeding structure 
D)  Do much better when particle density is extremely high

Question 9

Biogenic graded bedding

Accepted Answer

A)  Usually involves transport of coarse particles to the surface 
B)  Is generated by strong wave action in the intertidal zone 
C)  Is commonly caused by head-down deposit feeders 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Usually involves transport of coarse particles to the surface 
B)  Is generated by strong wave action in the intertidal zone 
C)  Is commonly caused by head-down deposit feeders 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

Demersal species

Accepted Answer

A)  Spend most of their time in the water column 
B)  Are mobile but associated with the seabed 
C)  Move along the bottom with muscular tube feet 
D)  Burrow into soft sediments 
A)  Spend most of their time in the water column 
B)  Are mobile but associated with the seabed 
C)  Move along the bottom with muscular tube feet 
D)  Burrow into soft sediments

Question 11

In most cases, suspension feeders capture particles by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct interception 
B)  Sieving 
C)  Gravitational impaction 
D)  Inertial impaction 
A)  Direct interception 
B)  Sieving 
C)  Gravitational impaction 
D)  Inertial impaction

Question 12

Wood boring

Accepted Answer

A)  Is found only in the bivalves 
B)  Involves chemical action only in bivalves 
C)  Is found only in isopods 
D)  Is found in bivalves and isopods 
A)  Is found only in the bivalves 
B)  Involves chemical action only in bivalves 
C)  Is found only in isopods 
D)  Is found in bivalves and isopods

Question 13

The RPD

Accepted Answer

A)  Is a border between the presence and absence of bacteria 
B)  Is only found in estuarine sediments 
C)  May only be a horizontal surface 
D)  Is a border between oxidative and reducing processes in sediments 
A)  Is a border between the presence and absence of bacteria 
B)  Is only found in estuarine sediments 
C)  May only be a horizontal surface 
D)  Is a border between oxidative and reducing processes in sediments

Question 14

The most energetically profitable means of breaking down organic matter is obtained by

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria 
B)  Aerobic bacteria 
C)  Fermenting bacteria 
D)  Sulfate-reducing bacteria 
A)  Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria 
B)  Aerobic bacteria 
C)  Fermenting bacteria 
D)  Sulfate-reducing bacteria

Question 15

As the silt-clay content of sediment increases

Accepted Answer

A)  We can tell that the variability of current strength increases 
B)  The current strength decreases 
C)  The current strength increases 
D)  The water depth must increase 
A)  We can tell that the variability of current strength increases 
B)  The current strength decreases 
C)  The current strength increases 
D)  The water depth must increase

Question 16

Deposit feeders

Accepted Answer

A)  Routinely digest cellulose and other refractory compounds in sediments 
B)  Can digest diatoms but poorly digest bacteria 
C)  Can usually digest diatoms and many bacteria 
D)  Digest bacteria only 
A)  Routinely digest cellulose and other refractory compounds in sediments 
B)  Can digest diatoms but poorly digest bacteria 
C)  Can usually digest diatoms and many bacteria 
D)  Digest bacteria only

Question 17

Meiobenthos

Accepted Answer

A)  Are greater than 1 mm in size 
B)  Are always epifaunal 
C)  Are smaller than 0.5 mm 
D)  Are smaller than microbenthos 
A)  Are greater than 1 mm in size 
B)  Are always epifaunal 
C)  Are smaller than 0.5 mm 
D)  Are smaller than microbenthos

Question 18

Some large benthic invertebrates lack a gut because

Accepted Answer

A)  They feed on dissolved organic matter 
B)  No large benthic invertebrates lack a gut 
C)  They have very low metabolic needs 
D)  They have symbiotic bacteria, which provide nutrients 
A)  They feed on dissolved organic matter 
B)  No large benthic invertebrates lack a gut 
C)  They have very low metabolic needs 
D)  They have symbiotic bacteria, which provide nutrients

Question 19

A means of treating food unique to deposit feeders is

Accepted Answer

A)  The lack of digestive enzymes in the midgut 
B)  The use of surfactants in the gut 
C)  Precipitation of soluble amino acids in the gut 
D)  Swimming from the bottom into the water to get food particles 
A)  The lack of digestive enzymes in the midgut 
B)  The use of surfactants in the gut 
C)  Precipitation of soluble amino acids in the gut 
D)  Swimming from the bottom into the water to get food particles

Question 20

Deposit feeders affect sediments by

Accepted Answer

A)  Altering grain size 
B)  Increasing the sediment water content 
C)  Accelerating decomposition of organic matter 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Altering grain size 
B)  Increasing the sediment water content 
C)  Accelerating decomposition of organic matter 
D)  All of the above

Exam 15: Benthic Life Habits

Most suspension feeders capture particles by

Interstitial animals all

Marine herbivores

An example of a hydrostatic skeleton would be

Hydrogen sulfide is associated with

Many crabs and lobsters have cutter and crusher claws

If you are a deposit feeder, it may be bad to process sediment through your gut too quickly because

Suspension feeders

Biogenic graded bedding

Demersal species

In most cases, suspension feeders capture particles by means of

Wood boring

The RPD

The most energetically profitable means of breaking down organic matter is obtained by

As the silt-clay content of sediment increases

Deposit feeders

Meiobenthos

Some large benthic invertebrates lack a gut because

A means of treating food unique to deposit feeders is

Deposit feeders affect sediments by

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Polar Marine Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

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