Question 1

Gene expression at the genomic level can be studied using

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  Microarrays 
C)  Enzyme polymorphisms at single genetic loci 
D)  Phylogeography 
A)  PCR 
B)  Microarrays 
C)  Enzyme polymorphisms at single genetic loci 
D)  Phylogeography B

Question 2

Tertiary sewage treatment would involve

Accepted Answer

A)  The removal of very fine particulate matter 
B)  Removal of dissolved nutrients 
C)  Removal of heavy metals 
D)  Removal of oxygen 
A)  The removal of very fine particulate matter 
B)  Removal of dissolved nutrients 
C)  Removal of heavy metals 
D)  Removal of oxygen B

Question 3

Eutrophication often results in

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoxia 
B)  Reduced primary production 
C)  Decreased pH 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Hypoxia 
B)  Reduced primary production 
C)  Decreased pH 
D)  All of the above A

Question 4

The concentration of PCBs in a fish's food is 1 ppb and the concentration in its fatty tissue is 100 ppb. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  Trophic transfer 
B)  Biomagnification 
C)  Bioconcentration 
D)  Increased gene expression 
A)  Trophic transfer 
B)  Biomagnification 
C)  Bioconcentration 
D)  Increased gene expression

Question 5

Oil is especially toxic when

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a large fraction of aromatics 
B)  It is pure crude oil 
C)  It has stayed in the ocean for several years 
D)  None of the above 
A)  It has a large fraction of aromatics 
B)  It is pure crude oil 
C)  It has stayed in the ocean for several years 
D)  None of the above

Question 6

Secondary treatment

Accepted Answer

A)  Fails to remove dissolved nutrients 
B)  Removes dissolved nutrients by use of denitrifying bacteria 
C)  Can often remove metals such as copper 
D)  Is less effective than primary treatment in curtailing hypoxia 
A)  Fails to remove dissolved nutrients 
B)  Removes dissolved nutrients by use of denitrifying bacteria 
C)  Can often remove metals such as copper 
D)  Is less effective than primary treatment in curtailing hypoxia

Question 7

PCBs and PAHs

Accepted Answer

A)  Disrupt the endocrine cycles of marine organisms 
B)  Disrupt the primary feather structure of seabirds 
C)  Derive mainly from crude oil 
D)  Cause thinning of bird eggshells 
A)  Disrupt the endocrine cycles of marine organisms 
B)  Disrupt the primary feather structure of seabirds 
C)  Derive mainly from crude oil 
D)  Cause thinning of bird eggshells

Question 8

Which of the following is the most counterproductive way to deal with an oil spill?

Accepted Answer

A)  If seas are rough, let them break up the spill and disperse the oil 
B)  Contain the oil within a floating boom 
C)  Add lots of detergents to the sea surface to disperse the oil 
D)  Reduce tanker traffic near hazardous sites 
A)  If seas are rough, let them break up the spill and disperse the oil 
B)  Contain the oil within a floating boom 
C)  Add lots of detergents to the sea surface to disperse the oil 
D)  Reduce tanker traffic near hazardous sites

Question 9

DDT

Accepted Answer

A)  Has proven to have no effect on insects 
B)  Was the cause of major declines in many sea bird species 
C)  Affects insects but has no effect on marine crustaceans 
D)  Decomposes very rapidly in the environment to a harmless residue 
A)  Has proven to have no effect on insects 
B)  Was the cause of major declines in many sea bird species 
C)  Affects insects but has no effect on marine crustaceans 
D)  Decomposes very rapidly in the environment to a harmless residue

Question 10

Which of the following is known to have effects on the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Copper 
B)  Argon 
C)  Mercury 
D)  Calcium 
A)  Copper 
B)  Argon 
C)  Mercury 
D)  Calcium

Question 11

PCBs originate from

Accepted Answer

A)  Acid rain 
B)  Degradation of pesticides such as DDT 
C)  The bottoms of ships 
D)  Industrial sources, such as machinery 
A)  Acid rain 
B)  Degradation of pesticides such as DDT 
C)  The bottoms of ships 
D)  Industrial sources, such as machinery

Question 12

Lead derives from

Accepted Answer

A)  Urban run-off 
B)  Sewage wastewater 
C)  Atmospheric deposition 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Urban run-off 
B)  Sewage wastewater 
C)  Atmospheric deposition 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

The greenhouse effect of the earth's atmosphere is caused

Accepted Answer

A)  By industrial emissions only of methane 
B)  Only by carbon dioxide that is derived from industrial emissions 
C)  By natural sources only of carbon dioxide and other natural gases such as methane 
D)  By carbon dioxide and other gases from both natural and industrial sources 
A)  By industrial emissions only of methane 
B)  Only by carbon dioxide that is derived from industrial emissions 
C)  By natural sources only of carbon dioxide and other natural gases such as methane 
D)  By carbon dioxide and other gases from both natural and industrial sources

Question 14

An example of a point source is

Accepted Answer

A)  Runoff from a watershed along a coastline 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Flow into an estuary from an industrial wastewater pipe 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Runoff from a watershed along a coastline 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Flow into an estuary from an industrial wastewater pipe 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

Metals can be especially dangerous in the environment because

Accepted Answer

A)  They are soluble in animal fat 
B)  They are cumulative toxins 
C)  They always have effects on the nervous system 
D)  They cause thinning of bird eggshells 
A)  They are soluble in animal fat 
B)  They are cumulative toxins 
C)  They always have effects on the nervous system 
D)  They cause thinning of bird eggshells

Question 16

Plastics

Accepted Answer

A)  Enter the ocean as large particles such as bags and tend to remain intact 
B)  Tend to remain at the surface and are never found in deeper water 
C)  Often break down into very small particles that may be ingested 
D)  Are found randomly throughout the ocean and never concentrated in restricted areas 
A)  Enter the ocean as large particles such as bags and tend to remain intact 
B)  Tend to remain at the surface and are never found in deeper water 
C)  Often break down into very small particles that may be ingested 
D)  Are found randomly throughout the ocean and never concentrated in restricted areas

Question 17

A species population can respond to a pollutant by

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolving resistance to that pollutant 
B)  Declining in individual growth rate and reproduction 
C)  Reducing individual uptake of the pollutant 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Evolving resistance to that pollutant 
B)  Declining in individual growth rate and reproduction 
C)  Reducing individual uptake of the pollutant 
D)  All of the above

Question 18

Coliform bacteria counts are often used as a pollution indicator because they

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause disease 
B)  Are a direct estimate of hypoxia 
C)  Harbor dangerous viruses 
D)  Are thought to be correlated in abundance with other microorganisms that cause disease 
A)  Cause disease 
B)  Are a direct estimate of hypoxia 
C)  Harbor dangerous viruses 
D)  Are thought to be correlated in abundance with other microorganisms that cause disease

Question 19

The two largest marine oil accidents from submarine wells occurred

Accepted Answer

A)  In the Gulf of Mexico 
B)  In Alaskan waters 
C)  Off Cape Cod 
D)  From supertanker accidents 
A)  In the Gulf of Mexico 
B)  In Alaskan waters 
C)  Off Cape Cod 
D)  From supertanker accidents

Question 20

Plastics are

Accepted Answer

A)  Ingested by sea turtles 
B)  Found in great abundance in the central north Pacific 
C)  Found in the sea bed 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Ingested by sea turtles 
B)  Found in great abundance in the central north Pacific 
C)  Found in the sea bed 
D)  All of the above

Exam 22: Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

Gene expression at the genomic level can be studied using

Tertiary sewage treatment would involve

Eutrophication often results in

The concentration of PCBs in a fish's food is 1 ppb and the concentration in its fatty tissue is 100 ppb. This is an example of

Oil is especially toxic when

Secondary treatment

PCBs and PAHs

Which of the following is the most counterproductive way to deal with an oil spill?

DDT

Which of the following is known to have effects on the human nervous system?

PCBs originate from

Lead derives from

The greenhouse effect of the earth's atmosphere is caused

An example of a point source is

Metals can be especially dangerous in the environment because

Plastics

A species population can respond to a pollutant by

Coliform bacteria counts are often used as a pollution indicator because they

The two largest marine oil accidents from submarine wells occurred

Plastics are

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Polar Marine Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

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