Question 1

If water temperature increases

Accepted Answer

A)  Body temperature of homeotherms decreases 
B)  Body temperature of poikilotherms always increases 
C)  Metabolic rate always increases 
D)  Metabolic rate compensates by decreasing 
A)  Body temperature of homeotherms decreases 
B)  Body temperature of poikilotherms always increases 
C)  Metabolic rate always increases 
D)  Metabolic rate compensates by decreasing B

Question 2

Most bioluminescent organisms use

Accepted Answer

A)  Luciferin 
B)  Hemerythrin 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Sodium ion 
A)  Luciferin 
B)  Hemerythrin 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Sodium ion A

Question 3

Lactate buildup in the blood

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases the rate of oxygen consumption 
B)  Increases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen 
C)  Decreases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen 
D)  Tends to degrade hemocyanin molecules 
A)  Decreases the rate of oxygen consumption 
B)  Increases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen 
C)  Decreases the affinity of hemocyanin for oxygen 
D)  Tends to degrade hemocyanin molecules B

Question 4

Poikilotherms

Accepted Answer

A)  Are conformers with regard to body temperature 
B)  Are regulators with regard to body temperature 
C)  Always lose heat to the surrounding sea water 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Are conformers with regard to body temperature 
B)  Are regulators with regard to body temperature 
C)  Always lose heat to the surrounding sea water 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

At the southern extent of a poikilotherm species' range

Accepted Answer

A)  The species probably will reproduce in summer 
B)  The species' survival will be at its limit in winter 
C)  The species will never survive 
D)  The species probably will reproduce in winter 
A)  The species probably will reproduce in summer 
B)  The species' survival will be at its limit in winter 
C)  The species will never survive 
D)  The species probably will reproduce in winter

Question 6

The Bohr effect involves

Accepted Answer

A)  A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the right 
B)  A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the left 
C)  An increase of pH, which degrades hemoglobin 
D)  An increase of pH, which results in release of oxygen from blood pigments into the blood 
A)  A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the right 
B)  A shift of the blood pigment saturation curve to the left 
C)  An increase of pH, which degrades hemoglobin 
D)  An increase of pH, which results in release of oxygen from blood pigments into the blood

Question 7

At the time of low tide, intertidal animals may

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduce metabolic rate 
B)  Respire directly from air, if the air is not dry 
C)  Shift metabolism to anaerobic pathways 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Reduce metabolic rate 
B)  Respire directly from air, if the air is not dry 
C)  Shift metabolism to anaerobic pathways 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Dissolved oxygen is often very low at the base of the thermocline in the open ocean because

Accepted Answer

A)  Many fish congregate there 
B)  It is low from there, on down to the deep sea bottom, because of poor mixing with surface water 
C)  Fine-grained organic matter accumulates there, and microorganisms consume oxygen as they break down this material 
D)  This is the depth of the North Atlantic Deep Water, which is very low in dissolved oxygen 
A)  Many fish congregate there 
B)  It is low from there, on down to the deep sea bottom, because of poor mixing with surface water 
C)  Fine-grained organic matter accumulates there, and microorganisms consume oxygen as they break down this material 
D)  This is the depth of the North Atlantic Deep Water, which is very low in dissolved oxygen

Question 9

Heat shock proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in activity when temperature suddenly increases 
B)  Decrease in activity when temperature suddenly increases 
C)  Cause a major shock and send a marine organism into a torpor 
D)  Occur only in vertebrates 
A)  Increase in activity when temperature suddenly increases 
B)  Decrease in activity when temperature suddenly increases 
C)  Cause a major shock and send a marine organism into a torpor 
D)  Occur only in vertebrates

Question 10

A blood pigment containing copper is

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemerythrin 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  Hemocyanin 
D)  Chlorocruorin 
A)  Hemerythrin 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  Hemocyanin 
D)  Chlorocruorin

Question 11

Scope for growth is

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of food consumed after the reproductive period 
B)  The difference between the amount assimilated from food and the cost of metabolism 
C)  The metabolic rate multiplied by the assimilation rate of food 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The amount of food consumed after the reproductive period 
B)  The difference between the amount assimilated from food and the cost of metabolism 
C)  The metabolic rate multiplied by the assimilation rate of food 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

A population from higher latitude of an intertidal rocky shore species

Accepted Answer

A)  Will have individuals that always function at lower latitudes better than local individuals. 
B)  Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better lower down in the intertidal than higher in the intertidal 
C)  Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better higher up in the intertidal than lower down 
D)  Will have individuals that never can survive at lower latitudes. 
A)  Will have individuals that always function at lower latitudes better than local individuals. 
B)  Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better lower down in the intertidal than higher in the intertidal 
C)  Will have individuals, if transplanted to lower latitudes that tend to function better higher up in the intertidal than lower down 
D)  Will have individuals that never can survive at lower latitudes.

Question 13

Osmolytes are chemically

Accepted Answer

A)  Indistinguishable from inorganic ions 
B)  Of only one type, found only in mammals and marine reptiles 
C)  Diverse, but restricted to organically derived compounds 
D)  Diverse, but restricted to inorganic ions 
A)  Indistinguishable from inorganic ions 
B)  Of only one type, found only in mammals and marine reptiles 
C)  Diverse, but restricted to organically derived compounds 
D)  Diverse, but restricted to inorganic ions

Question 14

Which of the following is not a likely response to high temperature stress in a poikilotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase of metabolic rate 
B)  Increase of production of ubiquitin 
C)  Increase of uncharged amino acids 
D)  Increase of body temperature 
A)  Increase of metabolic rate 
B)  Increase of production of ubiquitin 
C)  Increase of uncharged amino acids 
D)  Increase of body temperature

Question 15

When salinity increases, many invertebrates react by

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapidly taking up inorganic salts 
B)  Degrading amino acids, to produce cellular ammonia 
C)  Synthesizing urea 
D)  Synthesizing free amino acids 
A)  Rapidly taking up inorganic salts 
B)  Degrading amino acids, to produce cellular ammonia 
C)  Synthesizing urea 
D)  Synthesizing free amino acids

Question 16

The reduction of loss of heat from a porpoise's flipper is explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  Strong constriction of arteries 
B)  A countercurrent heat exchange system 
C)  Having the veins in the flipper surrounded by arteries 
D)  Decreased metabolic rate in the flipper 
A)  Strong constriction of arteries 
B)  A countercurrent heat exchange system 
C)  Having the veins in the flipper surrounded by arteries 
D)  Decreased metabolic rate in the flipper

Question 17

As oxygen concentration in sea water decreases

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen consumption decreases proportionately 
B)  Oxygen consumption is about the same over a broad range of ambient concentration 
C)  Metabolic rate tends to increase 
D)  Body temperature increases 
A)  Oxygen consumption decreases proportionately 
B)  Oxygen consumption is about the same over a broad range of ambient concentration 
C)  Metabolic rate tends to increase 
D)  Body temperature increases

Question 18

Osmosis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  The movement of dissolved salts across a membrane 
B)  The movement of dissolved salts and pure water across a membrane in one direction 
C)  The movement of pure water across a membrane in the direction of higher salt concentration 
D)  Behavior that allows an individual to move to a habitat with favorable salinity 
A)  The movement of dissolved salts across a membrane 
B)  The movement of dissolved salts and pure water across a membrane in one direction 
C)  The movement of pure water across a membrane in the direction of higher salt concentration 
D)  Behavior that allows an individual to move to a habitat with favorable salinity

Question 19

Damage caused by temperature could be recognized by increases in

Accepted Answer

A)  Ubiquitin 
B)  Osmolytes 
C)  Sodium ion 
D)  Dimethyl tin 
A)  Ubiquitin 
B)  Osmolytes 
C)  Sodium ion 
D)  Dimethyl tin

Question 20

Oxygen consumption rate is a good measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  Body size 
B)  Body temperature 
C)  Scope for growth 
D)  Metabolic rate 
A)  Body size 
B)  Body temperature 
C)  Scope for growth 
D)  Metabolic rate

Exam 5: The Chemical and Physical Environment

If water temperature increases

Most bioluminescent organisms use

Lactate buildup in the blood

Poikilotherms

At the southern extent of a poikilotherm species' range

The Bohr effect involves

At the time of low tide, intertidal animals may

Dissolved oxygen is often very low at the base of the thermocline in the open ocean because

Heat shock proteins

A blood pigment containing copper is

Scope for growth is

A population from higher latitude of an intertidal rocky shore species

Osmolytes are chemically

Which of the following is not a likely response to high temperature stress in a poikilotherm?

When salinity increases, many invertebrates react by

The reduction of loss of heat from a porpoise's flipper is explained by

As oxygen concentration in sea water decreases

Osmosis involves

Damage caused by temperature could be recognized by increases in

Oxygen consumption rate is a good measure of

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Polar Marine Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

Filters