Question 1

When polar floating ice melts back in the spring,

Accepted Answer

A)  The sea surface becomes colder as heat is lost to the atmosphere 
B)  Melting ice releases high amounts of nutrients that fuel phytoplankton blooms 
C)  Krill suddenly becomes more abundant 
D)  The ice tends never to return the next winter 
A)  The sea surface becomes colder as heat is lost to the atmosphere 
B)  Melting ice releases high amounts of nutrients that fuel phytoplankton blooms 
C)  Krill suddenly becomes more abundant 
D)  The ice tends never to return the next winter B

Question 2

Why might krill be more abundant now than 100 years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fishing for krill has been declared illegal and has ceased recently 
B)  Krill may have been exploited by baleen whales, which were severely overfished 
C)  Krill used to be eaten for health food reasons but that is no longer true 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Fishing for krill has been declared illegal and has ceased recently 
B)  Krill may have been exploited by baleen whales, which were severely overfished 
C)  Krill used to be eaten for health food reasons but that is no longer true 
D)  All of the above B

Question 3

Crabeater seals have which of the following main food in their diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Krill 
B)  Juvenile penguins that move toward the ice edge 
C)  Spider crabs 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Krill 
B)  Juvenile penguins that move toward the ice edge 
C)  Spider crabs 
D)  All of the above A

Question 4

Which of these statements is supported by current evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Arctic is already showing evidence of major species movements owing to climate change 
B)  The Antarctic has witnessed no change of summer sea ice changes 
C)  The Antarctic food web is not affected strongly by the presence of krill 
D)  Feeding by baleen whales is only of importance in the Arctic 
A)  The Arctic is already showing evidence of major species movements owing to climate change 
B)  The Antarctic has witnessed no change of summer sea ice changes 
C)  The Antarctic food web is not affected strongly by the presence of krill 
D)  Feeding by baleen whales is only of importance in the Arctic

Question 5

Shell-crushing predators

Accepted Answer

A)  Are abundant on the Antarctic shallow shelf and suppress shell bearing benthos 
B)  Are generally absent from the Antarctic shelf 
C)  Are common in the Antarctic shelf and have selected for a benthic fauna of thick-shelled mollusks 
D)  Have recently invaded the Antarctic shelf and have eliminated shell bearing local benthos 
A)  Are abundant on the Antarctic shallow shelf and suppress shell bearing benthos 
B)  Are generally absent from the Antarctic shelf 
C)  Are common in the Antarctic shelf and have selected for a benthic fauna of thick-shelled mollusks 
D)  Have recently invaded the Antarctic shelf and have eliminated shell bearing local benthos

Question 6

Abundant Antarctic Adelie and Chinstrap penguins

Accepted Answer

A)  Have been steadily increasing in recent years, owing to increased conservation measures 
B)  Are not heavily dependent on krill and therefore can survive on diverse food sources 
C)  Are confined to small areas in the Ross Sea 
D)  Are both in steep decline since the 1970s 
A)  Have been steadily increasing in recent years, owing to increased conservation measures 
B)  Are not heavily dependent on krill and therefore can survive on diverse food sources 
C)  Are confined to small areas in the Ross Sea 
D)  Are both in steep decline since the 1970s

Question 7

The reduction of floating ice cover has affected penguins because

Accepted Answer

A)  Killer whales now can hunt them more effectively 
B)  Leopard seals can leap out of the water and raid nests 
C)  Krill, the food of penguins, grows better under the floating ice 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Killer whales now can hunt them more effectively 
B)  Leopard seals can leap out of the water and raid nests 
C)  Krill, the food of penguins, grows better under the floating ice 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Which of these statements characterizes Arctic food webs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arctic primary productivity is very low and benthic abundance is comparable to the deep-sea soft bottoms 
B)  Arctic food webs are characterized by few large carnivores 
C)  Unlike the Antarctic, ice algae has no role in flow through food webs 
D)  Arctic primary productivity is much higher than that which is typical of the Antarctic 
A)  Arctic primary productivity is very low and benthic abundance is comparable to the deep-sea soft bottoms 
B)  Arctic food webs are characterized by few large carnivores 
C)  Unlike the Antarctic, ice algae has no role in flow through food webs 
D)  Arctic primary productivity is much higher than that which is typical of the Antarctic

Question 9

Antarctic and arctic environments have the following in common:

Accepted Answer

A)  Very-large-bodied invertebrates in bottom communities 
B)  Very high phytoplankton productivity 
C)  Ice as a source of algal production and deposition on the sea floor 
D)  Dominance of penguins 
A)  Very-large-bodied invertebrates in bottom communities 
B)  Very high phytoplankton productivity 
C)  Ice as a source of algal production and deposition on the sea floor 
D)  Dominance of penguins

When polar floating ice melts back in the spring,

Why might krill be more abundant now than 100 years ago?

Crabeater seals have which of the following main food in their diet?

Which of these statements is supported by current evidence?

Shell-crushing predators

Abundant Antarctic Adelie and Chinstrap penguins

The reduction of floating ice cover has affected penguins because

Which of these statements characterizes Arctic food webs?

Antarctic and arctic environments have the following in common:

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

Filters

Exam 19: Polar Marine Biology

When polar floating ice melts back in the spring,

Why might krill be more abundant now than 100 years ago?

Crabeater seals have which of the following main food in their diet?

Which of these statements is supported by current evidence?

Shell-crushing predators

Abundant Antarctic Adelie and Chinstrap penguins

The reduction of floating ice cover has affected penguins because

Which of these statements characterizes Arctic food webs?

Antarctic and arctic environments have the following in common:

Sounding the Deep

The Oceanic Environment

Climate Oscillations and Climate Change

Ecological and Evolutionary Principles of Marine Biology

The Chemical and Physical Environment

Life in a Fluid Medium

Reproduction, Dispersal, and Migration

Plankton

Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

The Open Sea: Distributions and Adaptations

Processes in the Water Column

Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Benthic Microorganisms, Seaweeds, and Sea Grasses

The Diversity of Benthic Marine Invertebrates

Benthic Life Habits

The Tidelands: Rocky Shores, Soft-Substratum Shores, Marshes, Mangroves, Estuaries, and Oyster Reefs

The Shallow Coastal Subtidal: Sea Grass Beds, Rocky Reefs, Kelp Forests, and Coral Reefs

Benthos From the Continental Shelf to the Deep Sea

Biodiversity and Conservation of the Ocean

Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Environmental Impacts of Industrial Activities and Human Populations

Filters