Question 1

According to Schindler's studies of lakes in Ontario, Canada, NPP lake ecosystems are most limited by the supply of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen. 
B)  phosphorus. 
C)  sulfur. 
D)  carbon. 
A)  nitrogen. 
B)  phosphorus. 
C)  sulfur. 
D)  carbon.

Question 2

Plant species from resource-_______ environments often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have _______ intrinsic growth rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  rich; high 
B)  rich; fixed 
C)  poor; high 
D)  poor; low 
A)  rich; high 
B)  rich; fixed 
C)  poor; high 
D)  poor; low

Question 3

Which value can be estimated most directly from the eddy covariance?

Accepted Answer

A)  NEE 
B)  NPP 
C)  GPP 
D)  Heterotrophic respiration 
A)  NEE 
B)  NPP 
C)  GPP 
D)  Heterotrophic respiration

Question 4

Which statement about net secondary production is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Net secondary production depends on the digestibility and nutrient content of the heterotrophs' food. 
B)  As a percentage of NPP, net secondary production is usually higher in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. 
C)  In most terrestrial ecosystems, the lowest percentage of net secondary production is associated with detritivores. 
D)  In most terrestrial ecosystems, net secondary production is a small fraction of NPP. 
A)  Net secondary production depends on the digestibility and nutrient content of the heterotrophs' food. 
B)  As a percentage of NPP, net secondary production is usually higher in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems. 
C)  In most terrestrial ecosystems, the lowest percentage of net secondary production is associated with detritivores. 
D)  In most terrestrial ecosystems, net secondary production is a small fraction of NPP.

Question 5

Which statement accurately describes a way plants allocate carbon that is not used in respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants allocate carbon as a defense against herbivory. 
B)  Plants allocate almost all carbon to increasing photosynthetic tissue. 
C)  Plants growing in areas with high plant density allocate a higher proportion of NPP to roots relative to leaves and stems. 
D)  Plants growing in deserts allocate a lower proportion of NPP to roots relative to leaves and stems. 
A)  Plants allocate carbon as a defense against herbivory. 
B)  Plants allocate almost all carbon to increasing photosynthetic tissue. 
C)  Plants growing in areas with high plant density allocate a higher proportion of NPP to roots relative to leaves and stems. 
D)  Plants growing in deserts allocate a lower proportion of NPP to roots relative to leaves and stems.

Question 6

In which biome would one most likely find the smallest percentage of NPP devoted to roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kansas grasslands 
B)  Alaskan tundra 
C)  Sahara desert 
D)  Panamanian tropical forest 
A)  Kansas grasslands 
B)  Alaskan tundra 
C)  Sahara desert 
D)  Panamanian tropical forest

Question 7

Gross primary production is higher in tropical forests than boreal forests primarily as a consequence of what ecosystem characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greater canopy layering in the tropics relative to the boreal zone increases leaf area index. 
B)  Most trees in the tropics are broadleaf while boreal trees primarily have needle leaves. 
C)  There is more available soil water in tropical forests than in boreal forests. 
D)  Photosynthetic enzymes are more efficient in hot tropical climates than in cool, boreal climates. 
A)  Greater canopy layering in the tropics relative to the boreal zone increases leaf area index. 
B)  Most trees in the tropics are broadleaf while boreal trees primarily have needle leaves. 
C)  There is more available soil water in tropical forests than in boreal forests. 
D)  Photosynthetic enzymes are more efficient in hot tropical climates than in cool, boreal climates.

Question 8

Refer to the table.
Table 1
   You are studying the movement of energy through an ecosystem. You collect data on energy use at the same site across four years, measured in g/m2/year. Assume that the site is sampled at the same location on the same date each year. Based on the data you collected (Table 1), create a completed table (this will be referred to as Table 2) with values in all of the cells.

Accepted Answer

Question 9

Suppose that the net secondary production in a community is 1,600 kilograms. The respiration of heterotrophs is 3,000 kilograms, and the egestion is 800 kilograms. Plant respiration is 6,500 kilograms. How much plant material did the heterotrophs ingest?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,600 kilograms 
B)  2,400 kilograms 
C)  4,600 kilograms 
D)  5,400 kilograms 
A)  1,600 kilograms 
B)  2,400 kilograms 
C)  4,600 kilograms 
D)  5,400 kilograms

Question 10

Suppose that net secondary production in an ecosystem is only 15% of the total amount of plant material ingested by heterotrophs. If herbivores egest 20% of what they ingest, what percentage of what they ingest goes to heterotroph respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  35% 
C)  65% 
D)  80% 
A)  20% 
B)  35% 
C)  65% 
D)  80%

Question 11

Refer to the figure.
  The figure shows the COS1U1B12S1U1B0 uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. Leaf layer 1, at the top of the canopy, has the highest net rates of photosynthesis and layer 15 has the lowest net rates. 
-What principles of production explain this pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaves at the top of the canopy are larger than leaves at the bottom of the forest. 
B)  Gross carbon uptake is highest in top leaves relative to metabolic losses because upper leaves are in full sunlight. 
C)  Respiratory costs are increased in upper leaves relative to lower leaves because of the cost of transporting water and nutrients from roots to the top of the canopy. 
D)  The most productive plants in the forest reach the canopy first and maintain their productive advantage. 
A)  Leaves at the top of the canopy are larger than leaves at the bottom of the forest. 
B)  Gross carbon uptake is highest in top leaves relative to metabolic losses because upper leaves are in full sunlight. 
C)  Respiratory costs are increased in upper leaves relative to lower leaves because of the cost of transporting water and nutrients from roots to the top of the canopy. 
D)  The most productive plants in the forest reach the canopy first and maintain their productive advantage.

Question 12

In his experiments in lakes in Ontario, Canada, Schindler found evidence for phosphorus limitation of NPP. A massive increase in _______ was responsible for the increase of NPP in response to phosphorus addition.

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  red algae 
C)  green algae 
D)  brown algae 
A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  red algae 
C)  green algae 
D)  brown algae

Question 13

The tropical rainforest in Costa Rica would most likely have a leaf area index of

Accepted Answer

A)  0.01-0.04. 
B)  0.1-0.4. 
C)  1-2. 
D)  10-12. 
A)  0.01-0.04. 
B)  0.1-0.4. 
C)  1-2. 
D)  10-12.

According to Schindler's studies of lakes in Ontario, Canada, NPP lake ecosystems are most limited by the supply of

Plant species from resource-_ environments often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have _ intrinsic growth rates.

Which value can be estimated most directly from the eddy covariance?

Which statement about net secondary production is false?

Which statement accurately describes a way plants allocate carbon that is not used in respiration?

In which biome would one most likely find the smallest percentage of NPP devoted to roots?

Gross primary production is higher in tropical forests than boreal forests primarily as a consequence of what ecosystem characteristic?

Suppose that the net secondary production in a community is 1,600 kilograms. The respiration of heterotrophs is 3,000 kilograms, and the egestion is 800 kilograms. Plant respiration is 6,500 kilograms. How much plant material did the heterotrophs ingest?

Suppose that net secondary production in an ecosystem is only 15% of the total amount of plant material ingested by heterotrophs. If herbivores egest 20% of what they ingest, what percentage of what they ingest goes to heterotroph respiration?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the CO₂ uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. Leaf layer 1, at the top of the canopy, has the highest net rates of photosynthesis and layer 15 has the lowest net rates. -What principles of production explain this pattern?

In his experiments in lakes in Ontario, Canada, Schindler found evidence for phosphorus limitation of NPP. A massive increase in _______ was responsible for the increase of NPP in response to phosphorus addition.

The tropical rainforest in Costa Rica would most likely have a leaf area index of

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Exam 20: Production

According to Schindler's studies of lakes in Ontario, Canada, NPP lake ecosystems are most limited by the supply of

Plant species from resource-_______ environments often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have _______ intrinsic growth rates.

Which value can be estimated most directly from the eddy covariance?

Which statement about net secondary production is false?

Which statement accurately describes a way plants allocate carbon that is not used in respiration?

In which biome would one most likely find the smallest percentage of NPP devoted to roots?

Gross primary production is higher in tropical forests than boreal forests primarily as a consequence of what ecosystem characteristic?

Suppose that the net secondary production in a community is 1,600 kilograms. The respiration of heterotrophs is 3,000 kilograms, and the egestion is 800 kilograms. Plant respiration is 6,500 kilograms. How much plant material did the heterotrophs ingest?

Suppose that net secondary production in an ecosystem is only 15% of the total amount of plant material ingested by heterotrophs. If herbivores egest 20% of what they ingest, what percentage of what they ingest goes to heterotroph respiration?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the CO2 uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. Leaf layer 1, at the top of the canopy, has the highest net rates of photosynthesis and layer 15 has the lowest net rates. -What principles of production explain this pattern?

In his experiments in lakes in Ontario, Canada, Schindler found evidence for phosphorus limitation of NPP. A massive increase in _______ was responsible for the increase of NPP in response to phosphorus addition.

The tropical rainforest in Costa Rica would most likely have a leaf area index of

The Web of Life

The Physical Environment

The Biosphere

Coping With Environmental Variation:

Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

Evolution and Ecology

Life History

Behavioral Ecology

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth and Regulation

Predation

Parasitism

Competition

Mutualism and Commensalism

The Nature of Communities

Change in Communities

Biogeography

Species Diversity in Communities

Energy Flow and Food Webs

Nutrient Supply and Cycling

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Global Ecology

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Plant species from resource-_ environments often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have _ intrinsic growth rates.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the CO₂ uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. Leaf layer 1, at the top of the canopy, has the highest net rates of photosynthesis and layer 15 has the lowest net rates. -What principles of production explain this pattern?