Question 1

Harvesting cannot be used to estimate NPP for phytoplankton because

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual phytoplankton are too small to be harvested. 
B)  the amount of biomass available at any given time is too low. 
C)  phytoplankton turn over very slowly. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  the individual phytoplankton are too small to be harvested. 
B)  the amount of biomass available at any given time is too low. 
C)  phytoplankton turn over very slowly. 
D)  None of the above

Question 2

Suppose that the aboveground biomass of a section of a grassland ecosystem is 400 kilograms at the start of the growing system. A month later, it is 1,600 kilograms. During that month, the _______ is _______ kilograms.

Accepted Answer

A)  NPP; 400 
B)  NPP; 1,200 
C)  GPP; 400 
D)  GPP; 1,200 
A)  NPP; 400 
B)  NPP; 1,200 
C)  GPP; 400 
D)  GPP; 1,200

Question 3

The highest rates of NPP in the ocean occur around _______ North and South because this is where _______ most common.

Accepted Answer

A)  10°; Hadley cells are 
B)  10°; upwelling is 
C)  50°; upwelling is 
D)  50°; Hadley cells are 
A)  10°; Hadley cells are 
B)  10°; upwelling is 
C)  50°; upwelling is 
D)  50°; Hadley cells are

Question 4

Chemosynthetic bacteria in ocean vent communities use forms of _______ as electron donors to take up carbon dioxide and convert it to carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphate 
C)  sulfur 
D)  potassium 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphate 
C)  sulfur 
D)  potassium

Question 5

In the symbiotic relationships among the organisms living near hydrothermal vents, the chemosynthetic bacteria supply _______ for the invertebrates, and the invertebrates provide _______ for the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur; CO2 
B)  carbohydrates; CO2 
C)  O2; nitrogen 
D)  sulfur; nitrogen 
A)  sulfur; CO2 
B)  carbohydrates; CO2 
C)  O2; nitrogen 
D)  sulfur; nitrogen

Question 6

Suppose that heterotrophs ingested 7,500 kilograms of plant biomass over a month's period. Respiration of these heterotrophs was the equivalent of 5,200 kilograms, and they egested 1,400 kilograms. What was the net secondary production?

Accepted Answer

A)  400 kilograms 
B)  900 kilograms 
C)  1,400 kilograms 
D)  2,300 kilograms 
A)  400 kilograms 
B)  900 kilograms 
C)  1,400 kilograms 
D)  2,300 kilograms

Question 7

According to measurements by Field and colleagues, the total NPP from terrestrial ecosystems is _______% of the total NPP.

Accepted Answer

A)  10-20 
B)  20-30 
C)  30-40 
D)  50-60 
A)  10-20 
B)  20-30 
C)  30-40 
D)  50-60

Question 8

The use of harvest techniques to estimate NPP would be most problematic in _______ because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperate grasslands; the growth rate is very rapid 
B)  temperate grasslands; tissues that die decompose rapidly 
C)  tropical rainforests; tissues that die decompose rapidly 
D)  temperate forests; the growth rate is very rapid 
A)  temperate grasslands; the growth rate is very rapid 
B)  temperate grasslands; tissues that die decompose rapidly 
C)  tropical rainforests; tissues that die decompose rapidly 
D)  temperate forests; the growth rate is very rapid

Question 9

Refer to the table and the figure.
Table 2
   Figure 1
   
-You are studying the movement of energy through an ecosystem. You collect data on energy use at the same site across four years, measured in g/m2/year. Assume that the site is sampled at the same location on the same date each year. Compare net secondary production in year 3 with year 2. How did net secondary production change? What might have driven this change?

Accepted Answer

Respiration of heterotrophs and the amou

Question 10

Refer to the figure.
  The figure shows COS1U1B12S1U1B0 uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. 
-If a native forest with 15 leaf layers is replaced with a palm oil plantation that has 3 leaf layers, there will be a(n) _______ of _______ maximum net CO2 uptake because of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; 0.7 g/m2/hr; a reduction in net photosynthesis due to fewer leaves 
B)  decrease; 0.5 g/m2/hr; a reduction in net photosynthesis due to fewer leaves 
C)  increase; 0.7 g/m2/hr; reduced respiration loss due to fewer inefficient leaves 
D)  increase; 1.2 g/m2/hr; a greater proportion of high efficiency with top canopy leaves 
A)  decrease; 0.7 g/m2/hr; a reduction in net photosynthesis due to fewer leaves 
B)  decrease; 0.5 g/m2/hr; a reduction in net photosynthesis due to fewer leaves 
C)  increase; 0.7 g/m2/hr; reduced respiration loss due to fewer inefficient leaves 
D)  increase; 1.2 g/m2/hr; a greater proportion of high efficiency with top canopy leaves

Question 11

Chemical energy derived from the fixation of carbon by photosynthesis and chemosynthesis is known as _______ production.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  gross 
C)  secondary 
D)  net 
A)  primary 
B)  gross 
C)  secondary 
D)  net

Question 12

Refer to the figure.
  The global pattern of Net Primary Production (NPP) in the figure shows two peaks in the northern hemisphere-one at 45oN latitude and one at 0o N latitude. These two peaks are primarily due to which climatic factors that control NPP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oceanic upwelling is highest at the equator and mid-latitudes, and most of the globe is covered by the ocean. 
B)  Mid-latitudes and the equator have the narrowest daily thermal variation, reducing temperature constraints on photosynthesis. 
C)  The primary forests of the world are found at 45oN latitude and oat 0o N latitude. 
D)  The wettest terrestrial ecosystems globally are found at 45oN latitude and one at 0o N latitude due to global circulation patterns. 
A)  Oceanic upwelling is highest at the equator and mid-latitudes, and most of the globe is covered by the ocean. 
B)  Mid-latitudes and the equator have the narrowest daily thermal variation, reducing temperature constraints on photosynthesis. 
C)  The primary forests of the world are found at 45oN latitude and oat 0o N latitude. 
D)  The wettest terrestrial ecosystems globally are found at 45oN latitude and one at 0o N latitude due to global circulation patterns.

Question 13

In which biome would you most likely see the greatest percentage of NPP devoted to roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pine savannas in Belize 
B)  Tundra in Alaska 
C)  Boreal forests in Russia 
D)  Tropical forest in Panama 
A)  Pine savannas in Belize 
B)  Tundra in Alaska 
C)  Boreal forests in Russia 
D)  Tropical forest in Panama

Question 14

If the GPP of an aquatic ecosystem is 180 units per year, and the NPP is 100 units, what is the respiration rate of the primary producers?

Accepted Answer

A)  80 units per year 
B)  100 units per year 
C)  180 units per year 
D)  260 units per year 
A)  80 units per year 
B)  100 units per year 
C)  180 units per year 
D)  260 units per year

Question 15

Plant species from resource-poor communities often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have a

Accepted Answer

A)  high tolerance for excess nutrients. 
B)  low tolerance for excess nutrients. 
C)  high intrinsic growth rate. 
D)  low intrinsic growth rate. 
A)  high tolerance for excess nutrients. 
B)  low tolerance for excess nutrients. 
C)  high intrinsic growth rate. 
D)  low intrinsic growth rate.

Question 16

The total amount of photosynthesis is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  net primary production (NPP). 
B)  gross primary production (GPP). 
C)  net photosynthetic production (NPP). 
D)  gross photosynthetic production (GPP). 
A)  net primary production (NPP). 
B)  gross primary production (GPP). 
C)  net photosynthetic production (NPP). 
D)  gross photosynthetic production (GPP).

Question 17

According to recent studies by Field, the total NPP from aquatic ecosystems is approximately _______ the total NPP from terrestrial ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% of 
B)  50% of 
C)  equal to 
D)  twice the amount of 
A)  10% of 
B)  50% of 
C)  equal to 
D)  twice the amount of

Question 18

Net primary production is

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as gross primary production. 
B)  gross primary production plus chemosynthesis. 
C)  gross primary production plus autotroph respiration. 
D)  gross primary production minus autotroph respiration. 
A)  the same as gross primary production. 
B)  gross primary production plus chemosynthesis. 
C)  gross primary production plus autotroph respiration. 
D)  gross primary production minus autotroph respiration.

Question 19

In some ecosystems, NPP actually decreases at very high levels of precipitation. Which of the following is not a likely reason for such declines in NPP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration of heterotrophs increases at high precipitation levels. 
B)  High precipitation levels can lead to the leaching of nutrients from the soil. 
C)  High precipitation levels can lead to low oxygen levels in the soil. 
D)  In areas where precipitation is extremely high, it is often cloudy, decreasing the amount of available sunlight. 
A)  Respiration of heterotrophs increases at high precipitation levels. 
B)  High precipitation levels can lead to the leaching of nutrients from the soil. 
C)  High precipitation levels can lead to low oxygen levels in the soil. 
D)  In areas where precipitation is extremely high, it is often cloudy, decreasing the amount of available sunlight.

Question 20

Refer to the table and the figure.
Table 2
   Figure 1
   You are studying the movement of energy through an ecosystem. 
-You collect data on energy use at the same site across four years, measured in g/m2/year. Assume that the site is sampled at the same location on the same date each year. How did energy production and/or use change when comparing year 1 and year 2? What effect did these changes have on the relationship between GPP, NPP, and NEE?

Accepted Answer

Although GPP was the same between years

Exam 20: Production

Harvesting cannot be used to estimate NPP for phytoplankton because

Suppose that the aboveground biomass of a section of a grassland ecosystem is 400 kilograms at the start of the growing system. A month later, it is 1,600 kilograms. During that month, the _______ is _______ kilograms.

The highest rates of NPP in the ocean occur around _______ North and South because this is where _______ most common.

Chemosynthetic bacteria in ocean vent communities use forms of _______ as electron donors to take up carbon dioxide and convert it to carbohydrates.

In the symbiotic relationships among the organisms living near hydrothermal vents, the chemosynthetic bacteria supply _______ for the invertebrates, and the invertebrates provide _______ for the bacteria.

Suppose that heterotrophs ingested 7,500 kilograms of plant biomass over a month's period. Respiration of these heterotrophs was the equivalent of 5,200 kilograms, and they egested 1,400 kilograms. What was the net secondary production?

According to measurements by Field and colleagues, the total NPP from terrestrial ecosystems is _______% of the total NPP.

The use of harvest techniques to estimate NPP would be most problematic in _______ because _______.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows CO2 uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. -If a native forest with 15 leaf layers is replaced with a palm oil plantation that has 3 leaf layers, there will be a(n) _______ of _______ maximum net CO2 uptake because of ________.

Chemical energy derived from the fixation of carbon by photosynthesis and chemosynthesis is known as _______ production.

Refer to the figure. The global pattern of Net Primary Production (NPP) in the figure shows two peaks in the northern hemisphere-one at 45oN latitude and one at 0o N latitude. These two peaks are primarily due to which climatic factors that control NPP?

In which biome would you most likely see the greatest percentage of NPP devoted to roots?

If the GPP of an aquatic ecosystem is 180 units per year, and the NPP is 100 units, what is the respiration rate of the primary producers?

Plant species from resource-poor communities often have low growth responses to fertilization because these plants typically have a

The total amount of photosynthesis is referred to as

According to recent studies by Field, the total NPP from aquatic ecosystems is approximately _______ the total NPP from terrestrial ecosystems.

Net primary production is

In some ecosystems, NPP actually decreases at very high levels of precipitation. Which of the following is not a likely reason for such declines in NPP?

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Suppose that the aboveground biomass of a section of a grassland ecosystem is 400 kilograms at the start of the growing system. A month later, it is 1,600 kilograms. During that month, the _ is _ kilograms.

The highest rates of NPP in the ocean occur around _ North and South because this is where _ most common.

In the symbiotic relationships among the organisms living near hydrothermal vents, the chemosynthetic bacteria supply _ for the invertebrates, and the invertebrates provide _ for the bacteria.

The use of harvest techniques to estimate NPP would be most problematic in _ because _.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows CO₂ uptake by various leaf layers in a tropical forest. -If a native forest with 15 leaf layers is replaced with a palm oil plantation that has 3 leaf layers, there will be a(n) ___ of _ maximum net CO₂ uptake because of ______.

Refer to the figure. The global pattern of Net Primary Production (NPP) in the figure shows two peaks in the northern hemisphere-one at 45^oN latitude and one at 0^oN latitude. These two peaks are primarily due to which climatic factors that control NPP?