Question 1

Which of the following describes the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Dicrotic notch 
D)  Ejection fraction 
A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Dicrotic notch 
D)  Ejection fraction

Question 2

Calculate the stroke index using the following data: cardiac output = 3.7 L/min,heart rate = 90 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.7 m².

Accepted Answer

A)  0.024 mL/m² 
B)  0.41 mL/m² 
C)  24 mL/m² 
D)  41 mL/m² 
A)  0.024 mL/m² 
B)  0.41 mL/m² 
C)  24 mL/m² 
D)  41 mL/m²

Question 3

Calculate a 90-kg patient's cardiac index with the following measurements: cardiac output 3.8 L/min,body surface area 3 m².

Accepted Answer

A)  0.79 m²/L/min 
B)  0.9 L/min/m² 
C)  1.3 L/min/m² 
D)  6.9 m²/L/min 
A)  0.79 m²/L/min 
B)  0.9 L/min/m² 
C)  1.3 L/min/m² 
D)  6.9 m²/L/min

Question 4

Calculate the arterial oxygen content for a patient with the following arterial blood gas measurements: Hgb = 9 g%,arterial oxygen saturation (SₐO₂)= 96%,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)= 97 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  8.6 vol% 
B)  11.0 vol% 
C)  11.9 vol% 
D)  12.1 vol% 
A)  8.6 vol% 
B)  11.0 vol% 
C)  11.9 vol% 
D)  12.1 vol%

Question 5

Advancing a pulmonary artery catheter into a smaller artery may cause which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Air embolism 
C)  Pulmonary infarction 
D)  Ventricular fibrillation 
A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Air embolism 
C)  Pulmonary infarction 
D)  Ventricular fibrillation

Question 6

Which of the following is the function of the transducer in the invasive vascular monitoring system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measure the flow of fluid in the catheter. 
B)  Convert the fluid pressure to an electrical signal. 
C)  Connect to the thermistor to measure cardiac output. 
D)  Amplify the electrical signal so it may be seen on the monitor. 
A)  Measure the flow of fluid in the catheter. 
B)  Convert the fluid pressure to an electrical signal. 
C)  Connect to the thermistor to measure cardiac output. 
D)  Amplify the electrical signal so it may be seen on the monitor.

Question 7

Calculate the systemic vascular resistance (SVR)given the following measurements obtained during a hemodynamic study: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)= 40/22 mm Hg,pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)= 12 mm Hg,blood pressure (BP)= 156/80 mm Hg,central venous pressure (CVP)= 19 mm Hg,cardiac output (C.O.)= 4.8 L/min,and heart rate (HR)= 68 beats/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  150 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  267 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  317 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1496 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
A)  150 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  267 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  317 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1496 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵

Question 8

Which of the following is the main component of a hemodynamic monitoring system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plethysmograph 
B)  Pneumotachometer 
C)  Sphygmomanometer 
D)  Strain gauge transducer 
A)  Plethysmograph 
B)  Pneumotachometer 
C)  Sphygmomanometer 
D)  Strain gauge transducer

Question 9

Which of the following are vessels that often require a surgical cut down when used for pulmonary artery catheter access?
1)Femoral vein
2)Subclavian vein
3)Internal jugular vein
4)Antecubital vein

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  1 and 4 only 
C)  2 and 4 only 
D)  2 and 3 only 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  1 and 4 only 
C)  2 and 4 only 
D)  2 and 3 only

Question 10

Calculate the stroke volume (SV)and the stroke volume index (SI)using the following information: cardiac output = 4.5 L/min,heart rate = 110 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.3 m².

Accepted Answer

A)  SV = 41 mL; SI = 31.5 mL/m² 
B)  SV = 45 mL; SI = 34.3 mL/m² 
C)  SV = 46 mL; SI = 36 mL/m² 
D)  SV = 49.5 mL; SI = 38 mL/m² 
A)  SV = 41 mL; SI = 31.5 mL/m² 
B)  SV = 45 mL; SI = 34.3 mL/m² 
C)  SV = 46 mL; SI = 36 mL/m² 
D)  SV = 49.5 mL; SI = 38 mL/m²

Question 11

An intubated patient with no known history of congestive heart failure is in the ICU.The patient is comatose and currently receiving mechanical ventilation via volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV),set rate 12 breaths/min,set tidal volume (Vᴛ)400 mL,positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)18 cm H₂O,fractional inspired oxygen (FɪO₂)0.35,and the patient is not assisting.Hemodynamic measurements show the following: central venous pressure (CVP)5 mm Hg,pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)33/20 mm Hg,and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)16 mm Hg.Arterial blood gas (ABG)results are: pH 7.43,arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PₐCO₂)38 mm Hg,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)90 mm Hg.The physician asks for recommendations to improve this patient's hemodynamiCₛThe most appropriate recommendation for this patient is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initiate pressure support ventilation (PSV) 10 cm H₂O with CPAP 10 cm H₂O, and check cardiac output. 
B)  Decrease the PEEP incrementally and recheck hemodynamic measurements. 
C)  Change to volume-controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-SIMV) with the same settings, and recheck hemodynamic measurements. 
D)  Change to pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) 25 cm H₂O, PEEP 18 cm H₂O, FɪO₂ 0.35, and check PAP. 
A)  Initiate pressure support ventilation (PSV) 10 cm H₂O with CPAP 10 cm H₂O, and check cardiac output. 
B)  Decrease the PEEP incrementally and recheck hemodynamic measurements. 
C)  Change to volume-controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (VC-SIMV) with the same settings, and recheck hemodynamic measurements. 
D)  Change to pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) 25 cm H₂O, PEEP 18 cm H₂O, FɪO₂ 0.35, and check PAP.

Question 12

The following hemodynamic measurements were obtained from a patient in the intensive care unit: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)= 67/25 mm Hg,pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)= 18 mm Hg,blood pressure (BP)= 100/50 mm Hg,central venous pressure (CVP)= 17 mm Hg,cardiac output (C.O.)= 5.7 L/min,and heart rate (HR)= 75 beats/min.Calculate this patient's systemic vascular resistance (SVR).

Accepted Answer

A)  295 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  393 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  800 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1165 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
A)  295 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  393 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  800 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1165 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵

Question 13

Calculate cardiac output using the Fick principle for the following values:
Oxygen consumption $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$280 mL/min
Arterial oxygen content $\quad$ $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$19.5 vol%
Mixed venous oxygen content $\quad$$\quad$12 vol%

Accepted Answer

A)  2.1 L/min 
B)  3.7 L/min 
C)  7.5 L/min 
D)  20.5 L/min 
A)  2.1 L/min 
B)  3.7 L/min 
C)  7.5 L/min 
D)  20.5 L/min

Question 14

Calculate the ejection fraction of a female patient with a stroke volume of 40 mL and an end-diastolic volume of 125 mL.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.32 
B)  3.1 
C)  85 
D)  165 
A)  0.32 
B)  3.1 
C)  85 
D)  165

Question 15

A high cardiac output can cause which of the following complications with a pulmonary artery catheter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Catheter whip 
C)  Pulmonary infarction 
D)  Catheter knotting 
A)  Pneumothorax 
B)  Catheter whip 
C)  Pulmonary infarction 
D)  Catheter knotting

Question 16

A patient with an oxygen consumption of 340 mL/min,arterial oxygen content of 17.3 vol%,and mixed venous oxygen content of 12.8 vol% has a cardiac output of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 mL/min 
B)  2.6 mL/min 
C)  7.6 mL/min 
D)  11 mL/min 
A)  2 mL/min 
B)  2.6 mL/min 
C)  7.6 mL/min 
D)  11 mL/min

Question 17

Calculate the cardiac index using the following data:
Cardiac output = 4.6 L/min
Body surface area = 1.2 m²

Accepted Answer

A)  0.26 m²/L/min 
B)  3.8 L/min/m² 
C)  5.5 L/min-m² 
D)  5.8 m²/L/min 
A)  0.26 m²/L/min 
B)  3.8 L/min/m² 
C)  5.5 L/min-m² 
D)  5.8 m²/L/min

Question 18

The following hemodynamic measurements were obtained from a patient in the intensive care unit: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)= 67/25 mm Hg,pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP)= 18 mm Hg,blood pressure (BP)= 100/50 mm Hg,central venous pressure (CVP)= 17 mm Hg,cardiac output (C.O.)= 5.7 L/min,and heart rate (HR)= 75 beats/min.Calculate this patient's pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).

Accepted Answer

A)  295 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  393 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  800 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1165 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
A)  295 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
B)  393 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
C)  800 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵ 
D)  1165 dyne × sec × cm⁻⁵

Question 19

Which measurement is typically used to indicate right ventricular preload?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrial pressure (RAP) 
B)  Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 
C)  Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) 
D)  Ejection fraction 
A)  Right atrial pressure (RAP) 
B)  Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 
C)  Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) 
D)  Ejection fraction

Question 20

Calculate the cardiac index for a patient with the following data: heart rate = 80 beats/min,stroke volume = 55 mL,and body surface area = 2.8 m².

Accepted Answer

A)  0.57 L/min/m² 
B)  1.6 L/min/m² 
C)  7.2 L/min/m² 
D)  19.6 L/min/m² 
A)  0.57 L/min/m² 
B)  1.6 L/min/m² 
C)  7.2 L/min/m² 
D)  19.6 L/min/m²

Which of the following describes the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

Calculate the stroke index using the following data: cardiac output = 3.7 L/min,heart rate = 90 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.7 m².

Calculate a 90-kg patient's cardiac index with the following measurements: cardiac output 3.8 L/min,body surface area 3 m².

Calculate the arterial oxygen content for a patient with the following arterial blood gas measurements: Hgb = 9 g%,arterial oxygen saturation (SₐO₂)= 96%,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)= 97 mm Hg.

Advancing a pulmonary artery catheter into a smaller artery may cause which of the following complications?

Which of the following is the function of the transducer in the invasive vascular monitoring system?

Which of the following is the main component of a hemodynamic monitoring system?

Which of the following are vessels that often require a surgical cut down when used for pulmonary artery catheter access? 1)Femoral vein 2)Subclavian vein 3)Internal jugular vein 4)Antecubital vein

Calculate the stroke volume (SV)and the stroke volume index (SI)using the following information: cardiac output = 4.5 L/min,heart rate = 110 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.3 m².

Calculate cardiac output using the Fick principle for the following values: Oxygen consumption $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ 280 mL/min Arterial oxygen content $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ 19.5 vol% Mixed venous oxygen content $\quad$ $\quad$ 12 vol%

Calculate the ejection fraction of a female patient with a stroke volume of 40 mL and an end-diastolic volume of 125 mL.

A high cardiac output can cause which of the following complications with a pulmonary artery catheter?

A patient with an oxygen consumption of 340 mL/min,arterial oxygen content of 17.3 vol%,and mixed venous oxygen content of 12.8 vol% has a cardiac output of which of the following?

Calculate the cardiac index using the following data: Cardiac output = 4.6 L/min Body surface area = 1.2 m²

Which measurement is typically used to indicate right ventricular preload?

Calculate the cardiac index for a patient with the following data: heart rate = 80 beats/min,stroke volume = 55 mL,and body surface area = 2.8 m².

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Exam 11: Hemodynamic Monitoring

Which of the following describes the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole?

Calculate the stroke index using the following data: cardiac output = 3.7 L/min,heart rate = 90 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.7 m².

Calculate a 90-kg patient's cardiac index with the following measurements: cardiac output 3.8 L/min,body surface area 3 m².

Calculate the arterial oxygen content for a patient with the following arterial blood gas measurements: Hgb = 9 g%,arterial oxygen saturation (SₐO₂)= 96%,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PₐO₂)= 97 mm Hg.

Advancing a pulmonary artery catheter into a smaller artery may cause which of the following complications?

Which of the following is the function of the transducer in the invasive vascular monitoring system?

Which of the following is the main component of a hemodynamic monitoring system?

Which of the following are vessels that often require a surgical cut down when used for pulmonary artery catheter access? 1)Femoral vein 2)Subclavian vein 3)Internal jugular vein 4)Antecubital vein

Calculate the stroke volume (SV)and the stroke volume index (SI)using the following information: cardiac output = 4.5 L/min,heart rate = 110 beats/min,and body surface area = 1.3 m².

Calculate cardiac output using the Fick principle for the following values: Oxygen consumption \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad 280 mL/min Arterial oxygen content \quad \quad\quad\quad 19.5 vol% Mixed venous oxygen content \quad\quad 12 vol%

Calculate the ejection fraction of a female patient with a stroke volume of 40 mL and an end-diastolic volume of 125 mL.

A high cardiac output can cause which of the following complications with a pulmonary artery catheter?

A patient with an oxygen consumption of 340 mL/min,arterial oxygen content of 17.3 vol%,and mixed venous oxygen content of 12.8 vol% has a cardiac output of which of the following?

Calculate the cardiac index using the following data: Cardiac output = 4.6 L/min Body surface area = 1.2 m²

Which measurement is typically used to indicate right ventricular preload?

Calculate the cardiac index for a patient with the following data: heart rate = 80 beats/min,stroke volume = 55 mL,and body surface area = 2.8 m².

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Calculate cardiac output using the Fick principle for the following values: Oxygen consumption $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ 280 mL/min Arterial oxygen content $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ $\quad$ 19.5 vol% Mixed venous oxygen content $\quad$ $\quad$ 12 vol%