Exam 17: Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

The pressure-time scalar of a patient with COPD who is receiving PSV shows positive deflection toward the end of inspiration.The most appropriate way to alleviate this is to do which of the following?

Biotrauma is caused directly by which of the following?

Healthy areas of lung tissue in a patient with ARDS may be protected from lung injury caused by overdistention by which of the following?

Lung injury is more likely to occur with which of the following with normal lung tissue?

Prolonged ventilator-induced hyperventilation can lead to which of the following?

Inappropriate ventilator settings can cause the release of inflammatory mediators within _______.

The acceptable lower limit of PₐO₂ for a mechanically ventilated patient with ARDS is which of the following?

Alveolar tissue and pulmonary capillary injury is caused by which of the following?

In a mechanically ventilated patient who is receiving lorazepam and succinylcholine,the diaphragm moves in which of the following ways?

Assessment of a mechanically ventilated patient reveals use of accessory muscles and a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min.The mode is CPAP with 5 cm H₂O and an FɪO₂ of 0.4.The most appropriate action is which of the following?

Which of the following mechanically ventilated patients shows clinical signs of hyperventilation?

When setting up a patient on volume ventilation with constant flow,the initial flow setting should be ________.

What is the minimum range of time constants necessary for the lungs to empty 98% of the inspired volume?

What is the minimum transpulmonary pressure that has been associated with lung injury in animals?

The RT responds to the high pressure,high respiratory rate,low exhaled volume,and low exhaled minute volume alarms of a mechanically ventilated patient in the ICU.Upon entering the room,the RT notices that the patient,who is still attached to the ventilator,appears diaphoretic,tachypneic,tachycardic,and hypertensive.Breath sounds are absent on the left and distant on the right.The patient's trachea is deviated to the left,and jugular vein distention is present.The endotracheal tube is 24 cm at the teeth.Immediate action should include which of the following?

The combination of __________________ and ____________________ increases the risk of absorption atelectasis.

A patient receiving pressure controlled-continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV)has initial arterial blood gas (ABG)findings as follows: PₐO₂ of 101 mm Hg,partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arteries (PₐCO₂)of 60 mm Hg,and pH of 7.30.The respiratory therapist should:

Overdistention of the lungs causes the release of which inflammatory mediators?

Which of the following mechanically ventilated patients shows clinical signs of hypoventilation?

Preservation of spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation favors the distribution of gas to which areas of the lung?