Question 1

Which of the following is an alternative method of respiratory support for patients with ARDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  IPV 
B)  ILV 
C)  HFOV 
D)  Heliox therapy 
A)  IPV 
B)  ILV 
C)  HFOV 
D)  Heliox therapy C

Question 2

An 80% He:20% O₂ mixture is being delivered to an asthmatic patient by a nonrebreather mask through an oxygen flow meter set at 8 L/min.What is the actual flow delivered to the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 L/min 
B)  12 L/min 
C)  14 L/min 
D)  18 L/min 
A)  10 L/min 
B)  12 L/min 
C)  14 L/min 
D)  18 L/min C

Question 3

Compared with pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation,APRV does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases the cardiac index 
B)  Reduces the need for sedation 
C)  Increases the peak airway pressure 
D)  Increases the central venous pressure 
A)  Decreases the cardiac index 
B)  Reduces the need for sedation 
C)  Increases the peak airway pressure 
D)  Increases the central venous pressure B

Question 4

In the APRV mode,which of the following is considered baseline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plow 
B)  Phigh 
C)  Tlow 
D)  Thigh 
A)  Plow 
B)  Phigh 
C)  Tlow 
D)  Thigh

Question 5

Observation of chest wall movement,or the "chest wiggle factor," is used to assess the appropriateness of the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mPaw 
B)  frequency 
C)  bias flow 
D)  power setting 
A)  mPaw 
B)  frequency 
C)  bias flow 
D)  power setting

Question 6

An adult patient with ARDS is being ventilated with VC-CMV.The settings are: f = 14 breaths/min; Vᴛ = 375 mL; PEEP = 16 cm H₂O; and FɪO₂ = 0.8.The patient's ABG values are: pH = 7.40; P2CO2 = 56 mm Hg; PaO2 = 48 mm Hg; and SaO2 = 83%; the mean airway pressure is 18 cm H₂O.The patient's physician decides on a trial of HFOV.What initial ventilator settings should be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bias flow = 30 L/min; mPaw = 23 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 76 cm H₂O; f = 6 Hz; TI = 33%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
B)  Bias flow = 35 L/min; mPaw = 76 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 33 cm H₂O; f = 10 Hz; TI = 50%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
C)  Bias flow = 20 L/min; mPaw = 18 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 76 cm H₂O; f = 8 Hz; TI = 33%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
D)  Bias flow = 30 L/min; mPaw = 30 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 56 cm H₂O; f = 6 Hz; TI = 50%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
A)  Bias flow = 30 L/min; mPaw = 23 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 76 cm H₂O; f = 6 Hz; TI = 33%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
B)  Bias flow = 35 L/min; mPaw = 76 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 33 cm H₂O; f = 10 Hz; TI = 50%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
C)  Bias flow = 20 L/min; mPaw = 18 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 76 cm H₂O; f = 8 Hz; TI = 33%; FɪO₂ = 1.0 
D)  Bias flow = 30 L/min; mPaw = 30 cm H₂O; set power to obtain ΔP = 56 cm H₂O; f = 6 Hz; TI = 50%; FɪO₂ = 1.0

Question 7

Weaning from APRV includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and decreasing the Thigh 
B)  Decreasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and increasing the Thigh 
C)  Increasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and decreasing the Tlow 
D)  Decreasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and increasing the Tlow 
A)  Increasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and decreasing the Thigh 
B)  Decreasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and increasing the Thigh 
C)  Increasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and decreasing the Tlow 
D)  Decreasing the Pʜɪɢʜ and increasing the Tlow

Question 8

What is the maximum pressure setting for Phigh?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 cm H₂O 
B)  30 cm H₂O 
C)  35 cm H₂O 
D)  40 cm H₂O 
A)  25 cm H₂O 
B)  30 cm H₂O 
C)  35 cm H₂O 
D)  40 cm H₂O

Question 9

The NAVA mode can be used in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paralysis 
B)  Heavy sedation 
C)  Injury to the respiratory brain centers 
D)  Spontaneous breathing 
A)  Paralysis 
B)  Heavy sedation 
C)  Injury to the respiratory brain centers 
D)  Spontaneous breathing

Question 10

A patient being ventilated with APRV has the following settings: pʜɪɢʜ = 24 cm H₂O; Thigh = 5 sec; Plow = 4 cm H₂O; Tlow = 1 second,FɪO₂ = 0.3.The patient's spontaneous respiratory rate is 10 breaths/min.The current arterial blood gas values are: PaO2 = 91 mm Hg; PaCO2 = 62 mm Hg.What should the respiratory therapist recommend for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the Phigh to 5.5 cm H₂O. 
B)  Decrease the Tlow to 0.5 sec. 
C)  Increase the Phigh to 40 cm H₂O. 
D)  Decrease the Phigh to 0 cm H₂O. 
A)  Increase the Phigh to 5.5 cm H₂O. 
B)  Decrease the Tlow to 0.5 sec. 
C)  Increase the Phigh to 40 cm H₂O. 
D)  Decrease the Phigh to 0 cm H₂O.

Question 11

The key property of helium that makes it useful as a therapeutic gas is its ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low cost 
B)  low density 
C)  low solubility 
D)  abundance in nature 
A)  low cost 
B)  low density 
C)  low solubility 
D)  abundance in nature

Question 12

The chest radiograph of a patient just placed on HFOV shows the diaphragm at the level of the seventh rib.Which of the following parameters should be adjusted?

Accepted Answer

A)  mPaw 
B)  Power 
C)  Bias flow 
D)  Amplitude 
A)  mPaw 
B)  Power 
C)  Bias flow 
D)  Amplitude

Question 13

The variable that allows for an unimpeded expiratory gas flow is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tlow 
B)  Thigh 
C)  Plow 
D)  Phigh 
A)  Tlow 
B)  Thigh 
C)  Plow 
D)  Phigh

Question 14

The PaCO2 can be reduced during HFOV by doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing the amplitude 
B)  Increasing the frequency 
C)  Increasing the Tɪ% 
D)  Decreasing the cuff leak 
A)  Decreasing the amplitude 
B)  Increasing the frequency 
C)  Increasing the Tɪ% 
D)  Decreasing the cuff leak

Question 15

Which variable in APRV is responsible for the removal of CO₂ from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tlow 
B)  Thigh 
C)  Plow 
D)  Phigh 
A)  Tlow 
B)  Thigh 
C)  Plow 
D)  Phigh

Question 16

The HFOV setting that directly affects PₐO₂ is the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  power 
B)  mPaw 
C)  amplitude 
D)  bias flow 
A)  power 
B)  mPaw 
C)  amplitude 
D)  bias flow

Question 17

The advantage of APRV over VC-CMV or PC-CMV is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enhances CO₂ elimination. 
B)  Volume delivery is consistent. 
C)  Independent lung regions are better ventilated. 
D)  It reduces the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. 
A)  It enhances CO₂ elimination. 
B)  Volume delivery is consistent. 
C)  Independent lung regions are better ventilated. 
D)  It reduces the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury.

Question 18

When Thigh is set at 5.5 seconds,and the Tʟᴏᴡ is set at 0.5 second,what is the set ventilator rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  14 
D)  16 
A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  14 
D)  16

Question 19

Which of the following ventilators is unaffected by the use of heliox,whatever the FɪO₂?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dräger E-4 
B)  Servo 300 
C)  Hamilton Galileo 
D)  Puritan Bennett 840 
A)  Dräger E-4 
B)  Servo 300 
C)  Hamilton Galileo 
D)  Puritan Bennett 840

Question 20

A patient with ALI is being ventilated using APRV with the following settings: Phigh = 30 cm H₂O; Plow = 2 cm H₂O; Thigh = 6 seconds; Tlow = 0.8 sec; FɪO₂ = 0.4.The patient's spontaneous rate is 12 breaths/min.The current ABG values are: PₐO₂ = 61 mm Hg; PaCO₂ = 43 mm Hg.What change should the respiratory therapist recommend for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease the Pʜɪɢʜ to 25 mm Hg. 
B)  Increase the Tʜɪɢʜ to 8 seconds. 
C)  Decrease the Tʟᴏᴡ to 0.5 second. 
D)  Increase the Pʜɪɢʜ to 5 cm H₂O. 
A)  Decrease the Pʜɪɢʜ to 25 mm Hg. 
B)  Increase the Tʜɪɢʜ to 8 seconds. 
C)  Decrease the Tʟᴏᴡ to 0.5 second. 
D)  Increase the Pʜɪɢʜ to 5 cm H₂O.

Which of the following is an alternative method of respiratory support for patients with ARDS?

An 80% He:20% O₂ mixture is being delivered to an asthmatic patient by a nonrebreather mask through an oxygen flow meter set at 8 L/min.What is the actual flow delivered to the patient?

Compared with pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation,APRV does which of the following?

In the APRV mode,which of the following is considered baseline?

Observation of chest wall movement,or the "chest wiggle factor," is used to assess the appropriateness of the ___________.

Weaning from APRV includes which of the following?

What is the maximum pressure setting for P_high?

The NAVA mode can be used in which of the following situations?

The key property of helium that makes it useful as a therapeutic gas is its ____________.

The chest radiograph of a patient just placed on HFOV shows the diaphragm at the level of the seventh rib.Which of the following parameters should be adjusted?

The variable that allows for an unimpeded expiratory gas flow is which of the following?

The P_aCO₂ can be reduced during HFOV by doing which of the following?

Which variable in APRV is responsible for the removal of CO₂ from the body?

The HFOV setting that directly affects PₐO₂ is the _____________.

The advantage of APRV over VC-CMV or PC-CMV is which of the following?

When T_high is set at 5.5 seconds,and the Tʟᴏᴡ is set at 0.5 second,what is the set ventilator rate?

Which of the following ventilators is unaffected by the use of heliox,whatever the FɪO₂?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Filters

Exam 23: Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Which of the following is an alternative method of respiratory support for patients with ARDS?

An 80% He:20% O₂ mixture is being delivered to an asthmatic patient by a nonrebreather mask through an oxygen flow meter set at 8 L/min.What is the actual flow delivered to the patient?

Compared with pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation,APRV does which of the following?

In the APRV mode,which of the following is considered baseline?

Observation of chest wall movement,or the "chest wiggle factor," is used to assess the appropriateness of the ___________.

Weaning from APRV includes which of the following?

What is the maximum pressure setting for Phigh?

The NAVA mode can be used in which of the following situations?

The key property of helium that makes it useful as a therapeutic gas is its ____________.

The chest radiograph of a patient just placed on HFOV shows the diaphragm at the level of the seventh rib.Which of the following parameters should be adjusted?

The variable that allows for an unimpeded expiratory gas flow is which of the following?

The PaCO2 can be reduced during HFOV by doing which of the following?

Which variable in APRV is responsible for the removal of CO₂ from the body?

The HFOV setting that directly affects PₐO₂ is the _____________.

The advantage of APRV over VC-CMV or PC-CMV is which of the following?

When Thigh is set at 5.5 seconds,and the Tʟᴏᴡ is set at 0.5 second,what is the set ventilator rate?

Which of the following ventilators is unaffected by the use of heliox,whatever the FɪO₂?

Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of ARDS

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives, Analgesics, and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Weaning and Discontinuation from Mechanical Ventilation

Long-Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Filters

What is the maximum pressure setting for P_high?

The P_aCO₂ can be reduced during HFOV by doing which of the following?

When T_high is set at 5.5 seconds,and the Tʟᴏᴡ is set at 0.5 second,what is the set ventilator rate?