Exam 21: Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

A common side effect of diuretic medications is:

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is caring for a patient who was brought to the hospital after suffering a stroke. Ideally, thrombolytic drugs should be used within _____ hours following an ischemic stroke to restore blood flow and prevent further brain damage.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels through meal preparation and intake is to:

For individuals with elevated LDL, current guidelines suggest limiting saturated fat intake to less than _____ percent of the total kcalories consumed.

Cardiac cachexia associated with heart failure most often develops due to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated metabolic rate.

Short-lived ischemic strokes (TIAs) are a warning sign that a more severe stroke may follow, and they need to be evaluated and treated quickly.

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. If Carmen closely follows the DASH Eating Plan, she can expect to see how much of a reduction in her systolic blood pressure?

A patient who is following a low-sodium diet should avoid:

A person who needs to restrict her sodium intake because of hypertension should avoid foods such as cottage cheese, American cheese, and Parmesan cheese.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice The nurse is instructing a client on a diet for the treatment of his hypertension. The nurse recognizes that the client understands his diet when he says:

In persons who are obese, weight reduction can improve such CHD risk factors as hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and:

Compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides

Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention?

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient with heart failure has developed cardiac cachexia as a result of the disease. The nurse understands that which medication would most likely be effective to reverse cardiac cachexia?

Plant stanols and sterols that help to lower LDL are often added to food products such as:

Adaptive utensils and adequate training enable some people with feeding disabilities to be independent.

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. In order to follow the DASH Diet, Carmen should limit:

Researchers have determined that chronic inflammation promotes the development of atherosclerosis.

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed _____ milligrams, as the DASH Eating Plan is even more effective when accompanied by a low sodium intake.

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5 "3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: $251 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL} ; \mathrm{HDL}$ cholesterol: $47 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ ; LDL cholesterol: $146 \mathrm{mg}$ dL; triglycerides: $203 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$ . Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake: - Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, $2 \%$ milk - Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke - Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, $2 \%$ milk - Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake - Snack: Ice cream