Question 1

The increase in metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  catecholamines. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  eicosanoids. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  hepcidin. 
A)  catecholamines. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  eicosanoids. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  hepcidin.

Question 2

During the inflammatory response, mast cells release _____, which causes vasodilation and capillary permeability.

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin 
B)  cortisol 
C)  anti-diuretic hormone 
D)  cytokine 
E)  histamine 
A)  erythropoietin 
B)  cortisol 
C)  anti-diuretic hormone 
D)  cytokine 
E)  histamine

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: minute ventilation
dyspnea
complement
bronchioles
refeeding syndrome
abscesses
cyanosis
debridement
indirect calorimetry
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
shock
stress response
chronic bronchitis
hypoxemia
wasting
emphysema
hepcidin
mast cells
sepsis
hypoxia

Accepted Answer

The Answer of an acute-phase protein involved in the regulation is...

Question 4

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Excessive kcalorie intake in COPD patients may:

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with catabolic processes. 
B)  alter taste perception. 
C)  interfere with drug therapy. 
D)  increase gas formation. 
E)  increase respiratory stress. 
A)  interfere with catabolic processes. 
B)  alter taste perception. 
C)  interfere with drug therapy. 
D)  increase gas formation. 
E)  increase respiratory stress.

Question 6

Once patients can tolerate oral feedings, what type of diet is often prescribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  high fiber 
B)  low sodium 
C)  high-kcalorie, high-protein 
D)  low fat 
E)  low carbohydrate 
A)  high fiber 
B)  low sodium 
C)  high-kcalorie, high-protein 
D)  low fat 
E)  low carbohydrate

Question 7

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is treating a patient who is experiencing fluctuations in hormone levels as a result of stress. Based on her understanding of the metabolic effects associated with certain hormones, the nurse knows that aldosterone is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the patient's metabolic rate. 
B)  producing glucose from amino acids. 
C)  reabsorbing sodium in the kidneys. 
D)  releasing fatty acids from adipose tissue. 
E)  reabsorbing water in the kidneys. 
A)  increasing the patient's metabolic rate. 
B)  producing glucose from amino acids. 
C)  reabsorbing sodium in the kidneys. 
D)  releasing fatty acids from adipose tissue. 
E)  reabsorbing water in the kidneys.

Question 8

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol. 
B)  arachidonic acid. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  glucagon. 
E)  norepinephrine. 
A)  cortisol. 
B)  arachidonic acid. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  glucagon. 
E)  norepinephrine.

Question 9

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  z inc 
B)  c holine 
C)  s elenium 
D)  v itamin K 
E)  i ron 
A)  z inc 
B)  c holine 
C)  s elenium 
D)  v itamin K 
E)  i ron

Question 10

To maintain lean tissue, the protein intakes recommended during acute stress are higher than DRI values.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Kati is a 19-year-old female who suffered a head injury and multiple broken bones in a motorcycle accident. She is currently in a coma, on a mechanical ventilator, and receiving enteral nutrition. Kati is 5'2" tall and weighs 115 pounds.
If Kati's enteral feeding is not providing adequate energy and protein to meet her nutritional needs, she will experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of lean tissue. 
B)  hyperglycemia. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  organ failure. 
A)  a loss of lean tissue. 
B)  hyperglycemia. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  sepsis. 
E)  organ failure.

Question 13

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Because the immediate stress response can cause a variety of systemic effects, the nurse should closely monitor her patient's:

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. 
B)  appetite, temperature, and weight. 
C)  pain rating, level of consciousness, and posture. 
D)  abdominal girth, reflexes, and edema. 
E)  hearing, vision, and sense of smell. 
A)  heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. 
B)  appetite, temperature, and weight. 
C)  pain rating, level of consciousness, and posture. 
D)  abdominal girth, reflexes, and edema. 
E)  hearing, vision, and sense of smell.

Question 14

A patient with lung disease would most likely prevent or reverse loss of muscle mass by decreasing activity levels and incorporating more rest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate:

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate nutritional intake. 
B)  excess protein intake. 
C)  a fluid imbalance. 
D)  low levels of vitamin D. 
E)  refeeding syndrome. 
A)  inadequate nutritional intake. 
B)  excess protein intake. 
C)  a fluid imbalance. 
D)  low levels of vitamin D. 
E)  refeeding syndrome.

Question 16

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Mary is a 59-year-old patient who suffered multiple broken bones in a motor vehicle accident. She weighs 138 pounds. The nurse chooses a protein factor of 1.5 g/kg to estimate her protein needs and calculates that Mary's protein requirements are approximately _____ grams per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  94 
B)  103 
C)  121 
D)  180 
E)  208 
A)  94 
B)  103 
C)  121 
D)  180 
E)  208

Question 18

Which amino acid has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  leucine 
B)  glutamine 
C)  valine 
D)  isoleucine 
E)  phenylalanine 
A)  leucine 
B)  glutamine 
C)  valine 
D)  isoleucine 
E)  phenylalanine

Question 19

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____ , which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  sepsis 
B)  SIRS 
C)  cardiac failure 
D)  COPD 
E)  acidosis 
A)  sepsis 
B)  SIRS 
C)  cardiac failure 
D)  COPD 
E)  acidosis

Question 20

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his:

Accepted Answer

A)  weight. 
B)  temperature. 
C)  kcalorie intake. 
D)  fluid intake. 
E)  heart rate. 
A)  weight. 
B)  temperature. 
C)  kcalorie intake. 
D)  fluid intake. 
E)  heart rate.

The increase in metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to:

During the inflammatory response, mast cells release _____, which causes vasodilation and capillary permeability.

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.

Excessive kcalorie intake in COPD patients may:

Once patients can tolerate oral feedings, what type of diet is often prescribed?

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is treating a patient who is experiencing fluctuations in hormone levels as a result of stress. Based on her understanding of the metabolic effects associated with certain hormones, the nurse knows that aldosterone is responsible for:

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is:

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?

To maintain lean tissue, the protein intakes recommended during acute stress are higher than DRI values.

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Because the immediate stress response can cause a variety of systemic effects, the nurse should closely monitor her patient's:

A patient with lung disease would most likely prevent or reverse loss of muscle mass by decreasing activity levels and incorporating more rest.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate:

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Which amino acid has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients?

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____ , which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

Filters

Exam 16: Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

The increase in metabolic rate as a part of the stress response can be attributed to:

During the inflammatory response, mast cells release _____, which causes vasodilation and capillary permeability.

Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of COPD and may result from hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins.

Excessive kcalorie intake in COPD patients may:

Once patients can tolerate oral feedings, what type of diet is often prescribed?

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A nurse is treating a patient who is experiencing fluctuations in hormone levels as a result of stress. Based on her understanding of the metabolic effects associated with certain hormones, the nurse knows that aldosterone is responsible for:

The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is:

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?

To maintain lean tissue, the protein intakes recommended during acute stress are higher than DRI values.

Nutrition care for patients in acute respiratory failure is aimed at providing a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice Because the immediate stress response can cause a variety of systemic effects, the nurse should closely monitor her patient's:

A patient with lung disease would most likely prevent or reverse loss of muscle mass by decreasing activity levels and incorporating more rest.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient who is on a tube feeding gains nine pounds in three days. The nurse realizes that this may most likely indicate:

An excessive response to metabolic stress can worsen illness and lead to death.

Which amino acid has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients?

Severe hypercapnia associated with respiratory failure can cause _____ , which interferes with normal functioning of the central nervous system.

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient with ARDS requires mechanical ventilation. The nurse recognizes that fluid accumulation is a potential problem that may make it difficult to assess his:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

Filters