Question 1

The process of ____ is the exchange of gases between a respiratory surface and the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventilation 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  perfusion 
D)  bulk flow 
E)  physiological respiration 
A)  ventilation 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  perfusion 
D)  bulk flow 
E)  physiological respiration

Question 2

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO2.

Accepted Answer

A)  aortic bodies 
B)  carotid bodies 
C)  receptors of the medulla 
D)  receptors of the aorta 
E)  medulla bodies 
A)  aortic bodies 
B)  carotid bodies 
C)  receptors of the medulla 
D)  receptors of the aorta 
E)  medulla bodies

Question 3

Most O2is transported in the blood ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved in the plasma 
B)  as bicarbonate ions 
C)  bound to hemoglobin 
D)  as carbon dioxide 
E)  bound to bicarbonate ions 
A)  dissolved in the plasma 
B)  as bicarbonate ions 
C)  bound to hemoglobin 
D)  as carbon dioxide 
E)  bound to bicarbonate ions

Question 4

Changes in humans caused by high altitude exposure are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  always temporary 
B)  always permanent 
C)  temporary or permanent depending on duration of exposure 
D)  temporary or permanent depending on developmental timing of exposure 
E)  temporary or permanent depending on duration and developmental timing of exposure 
A)  always temporary 
B)  always permanent 
C)  temporary or permanent depending on duration of exposure 
D)  temporary or permanent depending on developmental timing of exposure 
E)  temporary or permanent depending on duration and developmental timing of exposure

Question 5

Which breathing abnormalities can occur in neonatal mammals exposed to nicotine?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced ventilatory output 
B)  increased duration of apneas 
C)  SIDS 
D)  reduced ventilatory output and increased duration of apneas 
E)  reduced ventilatory output, increased duration of apneas, and SIDS 
A)  reduced ventilatory output 
B)  increased duration of apneas 
C)  SIDS 
D)  reduced ventilatory output and increased duration of apneas 
E)  reduced ventilatory output, increased duration of apneas, and SIDS

Question 6

Among air breathing animals, birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  birds utilize crosscurrent exchange 
B)  bird lungs have more surface area 
C)  bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D)  the air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
E)  birds utilize positive force exchange 
A)  birds utilize crosscurrent exchange 
B)  bird lungs have more surface area 
C)  bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D)  the air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
E)  birds utilize positive force exchange

Question 7

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm ____ and the internal intercostal muscles ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  contracts; relax 
B)  relaxes; contract 
C)  contracts; contract 
D)  relaxes then contracts; contract then relax 
E)  relaxes; relax 
A)  contracts; relax 
B)  relaxes; contract 
C)  contracts; contract 
D)  relaxes then contracts; contract then relax 
E)  relaxes; relax

Question 8

Gas exchange between the air and a cell in an insect tracheal system occurs at the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea 
B)  tracheal branches 
C)  gill filaments 
D)  tracheoles 
E)  spiracles 
A)  trachea 
B)  tracheal branches 
C)  gill filaments 
D)  tracheoles 
E)  spiracles

Question 9

Figure 46.2
-
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with higher O2binding affinity than that of humans. How would the llama hemoglobin-O2dissociation curve differ from that of a human?

Accepted Answer

The slope of the llama hemoglobin-O₂disso

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: epiglottis
pharynx
lung
pleura
nasal passages
trachea
alveoli
intercostal muscles
diaphragm
bronchiole

Accepted Answer

The Answer of J and C and G and D is...

Question 11

Decreases in CO2concentration result in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  faster breathing 
B)  deeper breathing 
C)  faster and deeper breathing 
D)  slower and more shallow breathing 
E)  slower breathing 
A)  faster breathing 
B)  deeper breathing 
C)  faster and deeper breathing 
D)  slower and more shallow breathing 
E)  slower breathing

Question 12

A ____ uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  bird 
B)  frog 
C)  dog 
D)  reptile 
E)  human 
A)  bird 
B)  frog 
C)  dog 
D)  reptile 
E)  human

Question 13

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated breathing rate while awake 
B)  increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
C)  delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
D)  elevated breathing rate while awake and increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
E)  increased frequency of apneas during sleep and delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
A)  elevated breathing rate while awake 
B)  increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
C)  delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
D)  elevated breathing rate while awake and increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
E)  increased frequency of apneas during sleep and delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia

Question 14

The circulatory surface provides the interface between the body and the respiratory medium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Signals from respiratory groups in the m

Question 16

CO2and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+in the blood of the lungs .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The concentration of ____ has the greatest influence on the regulation of breathing rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 
B)  CO2 
C)  H+ 
D)  N2 
E)  CO 
A)  O2 
B)  CO2 
C)  H+ 
D)  N2 
E)  CO

Question 18

What would you predict would happen in an area of the body where blood was relatively acidic (low pH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B)  CO2would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C)  O2would release from hemoglobin. 
D)  CO2would release from hemoglobin. 
E)  Binding of O2by hemoglobin would cease. 
A)  O2would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B)  CO2would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C)  O2would release from hemoglobin. 
D)  CO2would release from hemoglobin. 
E)  Binding of O2by hemoglobin would cease.

Question 19

Some deer mice are physiologically adapted to live at high altitudes because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adults maintain fetal forms of hemoglobin 
B)  of mutations in hemoglobin that increase its oxygen-binding affinity 
C)  of mutations in myoglobin that increase its oxygen-binding affinity 
D)  of mutations that increase heart rates 
E)  of mutations that decrease heart rates 
A)  adults maintain fetal forms of hemoglobin 
B)  of mutations in hemoglobin that increase its oxygen-binding affinity 
C)  of mutations in myoglobin that increase its oxygen-binding affinity 
D)  of mutations that increase heart rates 
E)  of mutations that decrease heart rates

Question 20

Why is proper ventilation important for a respiring animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  It directly increases gas exchange between the blood and cells. 
B)  It maintains proper O2and CO2levels on the external side of the respiratory surface so diffusion across it can be maintained. 
C)  It maintains blood circulation within the body of an animal. 
D)  It maintains proper O2and CO2levels on the internal side of the respiratory surface so diffusion across it can be maintained. 
E)  It directly maintains proper O2and CO2levels in tissues. 
A)  It directly increases gas exchange between the blood and cells. 
B)  It maintains proper O2and CO2levels on the external side of the respiratory surface so diffusion across it can be maintained. 
C)  It maintains blood circulation within the body of an animal. 
D)  It maintains proper O2and CO2levels on the internal side of the respiratory surface so diffusion across it can be maintained. 
E)  It directly maintains proper O2and CO2levels in tissues.

Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

The process of ____ is the exchange of gases between a respiratory surface and the circulatory system.

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO2.

Most O2is transported in the blood ____.

Changes in humans caused by high altitude exposure are ____.

Which breathing abnormalities can occur in neonatal mammals exposed to nicotine?

Among air breathing animals, birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air because ____.

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm ____ and the internal intercostal muscles ____.

Gas exchange between the air and a cell in an insect tracheal system occurs at the ____.

Figure 46.2 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with higher O2binding affinity than that of humans. How would the llama hemoglobin-O2dissociation curve differ from that of a human?

Decreases in CO2concentration result in ____.

A ____ uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs.

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____.

The circulatory surface provides the interface between the body and the respiratory medium.

How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise?

CO2and H2O are converted to HCO3- and H+in the blood of the lungs .

The concentration of ____ has the greatest influence on the regulation of breathing rate.

What would you predict would happen in an area of the body where blood was relatively acidic (low pH)?

Some deer mice are physiologically adapted to live at high altitudes because ____.

Why is proper ventilation important for a respiring animal?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO₂.

Most O₂is transported in the blood ____.

During resting exhalation in humans, the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles .

Figure 46.2 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with higher O₂binding affinity than that of humans. How would the llama hemoglobin-O₂dissociation curve differ from that of a human?

Decreases in CO₂concentration result in ____.

CO₂and H₂O are converted to HCO₃- and H⁺in the blood of the lungs .