Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

The ____ stimulate(s) forceful inhalation and exhalation.

Air becomes deoxygenated during the ____ of a bird's respiratory cycle.

Describe three adaptations that enhance the function of a respiratory surface.

In humans, ____ is involved in both cellular and physiological respiration.

The ____ in the mammalian airway acts as the "windpipe."

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

The function of carbonic anhydrase is to increase the rate ____.

Victims of CO poisoning turn "classic cherry red" in ____ percent of cases.

As elevation increases, O₂____.

Birds utilize mechanisms similar to countercurrent exchange to optimize diffusion of O₂across their respiratory surfaces.

Marine mammals use ____ to extend dive times.

The ____ is/are responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing.

Living at high altitudes can cause ____ as a respiratory adaptation.

CO₂is transported in the blood ____.

Research indicates that the Tibetan and Han Chinese inherited a variant EPAS1 allele from ____.

Air movement to the mammalian respiratory surfaces can be reduced when smooth muscle in the walls of the ____ contract(s).

Which animal uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs?

Respiratory neurons from the dissected brainstem of a neonatal rodent can maintain rhythmic firing for ____ hours.

The ____ are the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung.

Amphibians often use ____ as a respiratory surface.