Question 1

During forceful exhalation, the ____ muscles contract.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm and abdominal 
B)  external intercostal 
C)  internal intercostal 
D)  diaphragm and external intercostal 
E)  diaphragm and internal intercostal 
A)  diaphragm and abdominal 
B)  external intercostal 
C)  internal intercostal 
D)  diaphragm and external intercostal 
E)  diaphragm and internal intercostal

Question 2

The primary muscle(s) involved in human breathing is/are the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  external intercostals 
B)  internal intercostals 
C)  diaphragm 
D)  abdominal wall 
E)  lung 
A)  external intercostals 
B)  internal intercostals 
C)  diaphragm 
D)  abdominal wall 
E)  lung

Question 3

The number-one risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an infant lying on their back 
B)  breast feeding an infant 
C)  premature feeding of solid foods 
D)  exposure to tobacco smoke 
E)  holding the infant 
A)  an infant lying on their back 
B)  breast feeding an infant 
C)  premature feeding of solid foods 
D)  exposure to tobacco smoke 
E)  holding the infant

Question 4

Water is an optimal respiratory medium because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  water holds less O2than air 
B)  O2concentration in water is affected by solute concentration 
C)  the density of water allows maximal ventilation over the respiratory surface 
D)  O2concentration in water increases at higher temperatures 
E)  water keeps the respiratory surface wetted 
A)  water holds less O2than air 
B)  O2concentration in water is affected by solute concentration 
C)  the density of water allows maximal ventilation over the respiratory surface 
D)  O2concentration in water increases at higher temperatures 
E)  water keeps the respiratory surface wetted

Question 5

The ____ are air-filled respiratory system structures common in insects.

Accepted Answer

A)  gills 
B)  tracheal tubes 
C)  lungs 
D)  integumentary surfaces 
E)  air sacs 
A)  gills 
B)  tracheal tubes 
C)  lungs 
D)  integumentary surfaces 
E)  air sacs

Question 6

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Planes maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to about 8,000 feet to sustain ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a stable temperature 
B)  oxygen levels 
C)  oxygen availability 
D)  oxygen levels and availability 
E)  oxygen availability and reduce buildup of carbon dioxide 
A)  a stable temperature 
B)  oxygen levels 
C)  oxygen availability 
D)  oxygen levels and availability 
E)  oxygen availability and reduce buildup of carbon dioxide

Question 8

Which mechanism is used to encourage the movement of water over gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  beating of cilia 
B)  contraction of the diaphragm 
C)  relaxation of a muscular mantle 
D)  a fish swimming with its mouth closed 
E)  relaxation of body muscles 
A)  beating of cilia 
B)  contraction of the diaphragm 
C)  relaxation of a muscular mantle 
D)  a fish swimming with its mouth closed 
E)  relaxation of body muscles

Question 9

As oxygenated blood enters tissue capillaries, the oxygen ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  binds more tightly to hemoglobin 
B)  diffuses from blood plasma into body cells 
C)  diffuses from interstitial fluid into blood plasma 
D)  acts as a substrate for carbonic anhydrase 
E)  reaches equilibrium in blood plasma and interstitial fluid 
A)  binds more tightly to hemoglobin 
B)  diffuses from blood plasma into body cells 
C)  diffuses from interstitial fluid into blood plasma 
D)  acts as a substrate for carbonic anhydrase 
E)  reaches equilibrium in blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 10

A man is found dead with no marks on his body in a small enclosed furnace closet. The medical examiner rules death by hypoxia. However, the criminal investigation finds that the room has adequate air flow. What is the most reasonable explanation for the cause of death that should be investigated further?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was too little oxygen in the room. 
B)  The furnace was faulty and burned up all the oxygen. 
C)  The furnace was faulty and released carbon monoxide, which accumulated in the closet. 
D)  There was too much carbon dioxide in the room. 
E)  The man strangled himself but the rope disappeared. 
A)  There was too little oxygen in the room. 
B)  The furnace was faulty and burned up all the oxygen. 
C)  The furnace was faulty and released carbon monoxide, which accumulated in the closet. 
D)  There was too much carbon dioxide in the room. 
E)  The man strangled himself but the rope disappeared.

Question 11

Traveling to a high altitude can result in "altitude sickness"; however, the body eventually adjusts through ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased hemoglobin circulation 
B)  decreased erythrocyte production 
C)  increased secretion of erythropoietin 
D)  decreased hemoglobin circulation 
E)  decreased secretion of erythropoietin 
A)  increased hemoglobin circulation 
B)  decreased erythrocyte production 
C)  increased secretion of erythropoietin 
D)  decreased hemoglobin circulation 
E)  decreased secretion of erythropoietin

Question 12

Air is the least optimal respiratory medium because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  air flow increases evaporation of water from the respiratory surface 
B)  air contains 30 times as much O2as water 
C)  air is 1,000 times less dense than water 
D)  air requires more energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface 
E)  O2diffuses more rapidly in air than in water 
A)  air flow increases evaporation of water from the respiratory surface 
B)  air contains 30 times as much O2as water 
C)  air is 1,000 times less dense than water 
D)  air requires more energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface 
E)  O2diffuses more rapidly in air than in water

Question 13

Choose the correct order of tracheal system structures from most external to most internal.

Accepted Answer

A)  spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
B)  tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
C)  tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
D)  spiracles, tracheal branches, tracheae, tracheoles 
E)  spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches 
A)  spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
B)  tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
C)  tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
D)  spiracles, tracheal branches, tracheae, tracheoles 
E)  spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches

Question 14

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O2from water flowing over gills.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 - 60 
B)  60 - 70 
C)  70 - 80 
D)  80 - 90 
E)  90 - 100 
A)  50 - 60 
B)  60 - 70 
C)  70 - 80 
D)  80 - 90 
E)  90 - 100

Question 15

Hemoglobin binds most strongly to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon monoxide 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  carbonic acid 
E)  bicarbonate ions 
A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon monoxide 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  carbonic acid 
E)  bicarbonate ions

Question 16

During exhalation, the chest cavity ____ in size, which causes air pressure in the lungs to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increase 
B)  decreases; decrease 
C)  increases; decrease 
D)  decreases; increase 
E)  expands; remain the same 
A)  increases; increase 
B)  decreases; decrease 
C)  increases; decrease 
D)  decreases; increase 
E)  expands; remain the same

Question 17

Tibetan people have ____ in their blood despite living at high altitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  less oxygen 
B)  more erythropoietin 
C)  less erythropoietin 
D)  more hemoglobin 
E)  less hemoglobin 
A)  less oxygen 
B)  more erythropoietin 
C)  less erythropoietin 
D)  more hemoglobin 
E)  less hemoglobin

Question 18

The respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli 
B)  bronchi 
C)  tracheae 
D)  bronchioles 
E)  air sacs 
A)  alveoli 
B)  bronchi 
C)  tracheae 
D)  bronchioles 
E)  air sacs

Question 19

Airways of the mammalian respiratory system function to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  filter oxygen from carbon dioxide 
B)  moisten external air 
C)  cool external air 
D)  filter water out of the air 
E)  keep water out of the lungs 
A)  filter oxygen from carbon dioxide 
B)  moisten external air 
C)  cool external air 
D)  filter water out of the air 
E)  keep water out of the lungs

Question 20

Which respiratory surface lacks physical protection from the external environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheal system tubes 
B)  human lungs 
C)  external gills 
D)  internal gills 
E)  bird lungs 
A)  tracheal system tubes 
B)  human lungs 
C)  external gills 
D)  internal gills 
E)  bird lungs

Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

During forceful exhalation, the ____ muscles contract.

The primary muscle(s) involved in human breathing is/are the ____.

The number-one risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is ____.

Water is an optimal respiratory medium because ____.

The ____ are air-filled respiratory system structures common in insects.

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing .

Planes maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to about 8,000 feet to sustain ____.

Which mechanism is used to encourage the movement of water over gills?

As oxygenated blood enters tissue capillaries, the oxygen ____.

Traveling to a high altitude can result in "altitude sickness"; however, the body eventually adjusts through ____.

Air is the least optimal respiratory medium because ____.

Choose the correct order of tracheal system structures from most external to most internal.

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O2from water flowing over gills.

Hemoglobin binds most strongly to ____.

During exhalation, the chest cavity ____ in size, which causes air pressure in the lungs to ____.

Tibetan people have ____ in their blood despite living at high altitude.

The respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs are called ____.

Airways of the mammalian respiratory system function to ____.

Which respiratory surface lacks physical protection from the external environment?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O₂from water flowing over gills.

During exhalation, the chest cavity in size, which causes air pressure in the lungs to .