Question 1

To experimentally determine the function of an annotated gene, a researcher may _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  look for similar gene sequences of known function 
B)  examine the putative protein structure 
C)  perform a gene knockout 
D)  find a pseudogene for the gene 
E)  determine the amino acid sequence 
A)  look for similar gene sequences of known function 
B)  examine the putative protein structure 
C)  perform a gene knockout 
D)  find a pseudogene for the gene 
E)  determine the amino acid sequence

Question 2

List at least three differences in how the E. coli and human genomes are arranged.

Accepted Answer

The E. coli genome consists of one circu

Question 3

RNA-seq (whole-transcriptome sequencing) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a new hybridization technique used in transcriptomics 
B)  is the most common method used to identify certain cancer genes 
C)  identifies and quantifies RNA transcripts in a sample 
D)  is being replaced by DNA microarrays in transcriptomics 
E)  can only identify 100 sequences at a time 
A)  is a new hybridization technique used in transcriptomics 
B)  is the most common method used to identify certain cancer genes 
C)  identifies and quantifies RNA transcripts in a sample 
D)  is being replaced by DNA microarrays in transcriptomics 
E)  can only identify 100 sequences at a time

Question 4

You are studying a particular gene in mice. In one sample of the genome from a mouse, you find two copies of the gene while in other mice you have studied there are two copies of the gene. One of the copies is in the normal location; the other is in a completely different location in the genome. The copy of the gene found in a different location from what is normal is bounded by sequences that are directly repeated rather than being in an inverted form. What is responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  a retrotransposon 
B)  a DNA transposon 
C)  a point mutation 
D)  a chromosomal inversion 
E)  an unequal cross-over 
A)  a retrotransposon 
B)  a DNA transposon 
C)  a point mutation 
D)  a chromosomal inversion 
E)  an unequal cross-over

Question 5

What is a difference between human male and female genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Males have 46 chromosomes; females have 45. 
B)  Males have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes; females have 21 pairs of autosomal chromosomes. 
C)  Males have 23 pairs of chromosomes plus 1 Y chromosome; females have 23 pairs of chromosomes. 
D)  Males have 24 different chromosomes; females have 23 different chromosomes. 
E)  Males have an X chromosome; females do not. 
A)  Males have 46 chromosomes; females have 45. 
B)  Males have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes; females have 21 pairs of autosomal chromosomes. 
C)  Males have 23 pairs of chromosomes plus 1 Y chromosome; females have 23 pairs of chromosomes. 
D)  Males have 24 different chromosomes; females have 23 different chromosomes. 
E)  Males have an X chromosome; females do not.

Question 6

RNAi is commonly used in which experimental strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene overexpression 
B)  DNA sequencing 
C)  gene knockout 
D)  gene knockdown 
E)  microarray analysis 
A)  gene overexpression 
B)  DNA sequencing 
C)  gene knockout 
D)  gene knockdown 
E)  microarray analysis

Question 7

What can be removed from pre-mRNA during alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

A)  exons and ribosomal binding sites 
B)  ribosomal binding sites 
C)  exons only 
D)  introns only 
E)  exons and introns 
A)  exons and ribosomal binding sites 
B)  ribosomal binding sites 
C)  exons only 
D)  introns only 
E)  exons and introns

Question 8

A(n) _____ has a DNA sequence similar to a functional gene, but has been mutated so that it no longer produces a functional gene product.

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudogene 
B)  homologous gene 
C)  orthologous gene 
D)  microRNA-encoding sequence 
E)  operon 
A)  pseudogene 
B)  homologous gene 
C)  orthologous gene 
D)  microRNA-encoding sequence 
E)  operon

Question 9

Which event can introduce a protein domain into a pre-existing protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene alignment 
B)  intron shuffling 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  peptide shuffling 
E)  exon splicing 
A)  gene alignment 
B)  intron shuffling 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  peptide shuffling 
E)  exon splicing

Question 10

Which eukaryotic organelle(s) contain its/their own DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts only 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum only 
C)  mitochondria only 
D)  mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  chloroplasts only 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum only 
C)  mitochondria only 
D)  mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

The chemical difference between dideoxyribonucleotides used in Sanger sequencing and the deoxyribonucleotides normally found in DNA is the presence of a(n) _____ in the deoxyribose sugar of dideoxyribonucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A)  3' - H rather than - OH 
B)  5' - H rather than - OH 
C)  5' - OH rather than - H 
D)  5'  - H rather than - OH 
E)  3' - COOH rather than - OH 
A)  3' - H rather than - OH 
B)  5' - H rather than - OH 
C)  5' - OH rather than - H 
D)  5'  - H rather than - OH 
E)  3' - COOH rather than - OH

Question 12

A gene encoding a subunit of hemoglobin in humans is found to be homologous to a gene in chimpanzees. The homologous gene in chimpanzees likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a pseudogene 
B)  encodes the same hemoglobin subunit 
C)  is inactive because it is in a different species 
D)  is a regulatory sequence 
E)  encodes a respiratory enzyme 
A)  is a pseudogene 
B)  encodes the same hemoglobin subunit 
C)  is inactive because it is in a different species 
D)  is a regulatory sequence 
E)  encodes a respiratory enzyme

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: proteome
genomics
bioinformatics
transcriptomics
proteomics
comparative genomics
transcriptome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of The proteins that can be expressed by is...

Question 14

A sequence similarity search reveals that a candidate gene's sequence has a partial match to a known gene's sequence. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no relationship between the candidate and known gene. 
B)  The candidate gene encodes an identical transcript to the known gene. 
C)  The candidate gene encodes the same protein as the known gene. 
D)  The protein encoded by the candidate gene contains a protein domain also found in the known gene's protein. 
E)  The protein encoded by the candidate gene has the same function as the protein encoded by the known gene. 
A)  There is no relationship between the candidate and known gene. 
B)  The candidate gene encodes an identical transcript to the known gene. 
C)  The candidate gene encodes the same protein as the known gene. 
D)  The protein encoded by the candidate gene contains a protein domain also found in the known gene's protein. 
E)  The protein encoded by the candidate gene has the same function as the protein encoded by the known gene.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: Microarray expression analysis
Shotgun library
RNA-seq
Sanger method
Cellular proteomics
Genomics
PCR
Illumina/Solexa Sequencing
Proteomics

Accepted Answer

The Answer of mRNA/cDNA and DNA and protein is...

Question 16

There are three types of sequencing techniques described in the text: Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Illumina/Solexa sequencing. Which one(s) would be best to use for sequencing a single gene versus an entire genome and why?

Accepted Answer

Single genes can be sequenced using the

Question 17

Many cancers can be identified based on microarray analysis of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  signature genes 
B)  genes in red blood cells 
C)  mitochondrial DNA 
D)  Y chromosome DNA 
E)  DNA probes 
A)  signature genes 
B)  genes in red blood cells 
C)  mitochondrial DNA 
D)  Y chromosome DNA 
E)  DNA probes

Question 18

What marks the 5 ' end of an ORF in a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the stop codon TAG 
B)  the stop codon TAA 
C)  the start codon AUG 
D)  the start codon ATG 
E)  the promoter region containing a consensus sequence 
A)  the stop codon TAG 
B)  the stop codon TAA 
C)  the start codon AUG 
D)  the start codon ATG 
E)  the promoter region containing a consensus sequence

Question 19

In humans, the majority of a transcription unit is composed of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons 
B)  introns 
C)  promoter regions 
D)  start codons 
E)  regulatory elements 
A)  exons 
B)  introns 
C)  promoter regions 
D)  start codons 
E)  regulatory elements

Question 20

In whole-genome shotgun sequencing, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is broken into many random, overlapping fragments that are sequenced and then assembled using computer algorithms 
B)  whole chromosomes are sequenced intact from the 3' end to the 5' end 
C)  whole chromosomes are sequenced intact from the 5' end to the 3' end 
D)  DNA is broken into a few, non-overlapping fragments that can be read directly by computer algorithms 
E)  DNA is broken into individual nucleotides that are sequenced and then assembled using computer algorithms 
A)  DNA is broken into many random, overlapping fragments that are sequenced and then assembled using computer algorithms 
B)  whole chromosomes are sequenced intact from the 3' end to the 5' end 
C)  whole chromosomes are sequenced intact from the 5' end to the 3' end 
D)  DNA is broken into a few, non-overlapping fragments that can be read directly by computer algorithms 
E)  DNA is broken into individual nucleotides that are sequenced and then assembled using computer algorithms

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

To experimentally determine the function of an annotated gene, a researcher may _____.

List at least three differences in how the E. coli and human genomes are arranged.

RNA-seq (whole-transcriptome sequencing) _____.

What is a difference between human male and female genomes?

RNAi is commonly used in which experimental strategy?

What can be removed from pre-mRNA during alternative splicing?

A(n) _____ has a DNA sequence similar to a functional gene, but has been mutated so that it no longer produces a functional gene product.

Which event can introduce a protein domain into a pre-existing protein?

Which eukaryotic organelle(s) contain its/their own DNA?

The chemical difference between dideoxyribonucleotides used in Sanger sequencing and the deoxyribonucleotides normally found in DNA is the presence of a(n) _____ in the deoxyribose sugar of dideoxyribonucleotides.

A gene encoding a subunit of hemoglobin in humans is found to be homologous to a gene in chimpanzees. The homologous gene in chimpanzees likely _____.

A sequence similarity search reveals that a candidate gene's sequence has a partial match to a known gene's sequence. What does this most likely indicate?

There are three types of sequencing techniques described in the text: Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Illumina/Solexa sequencing. Which one(s) would be best to use for sequencing a single gene versus an entire genome and why?

Many cancers can be identified based on microarray analysis of _____.

What marks the 5 ' end of an ORF in a DNA sequence?

In humans, the majority of a transcription unit is composed of ____.

In whole-genome shotgun sequencing, ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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