Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

A researcher obtains a sequence of a gene of interest, including the ORF, 5' untranslated region, and 3 ' untranslated region. Which portion of the gene sequence encodes the protein?

Deoxyribonucleotides are included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

When the human genome was sequenced, we learned that there are fewer than expected protein-coding genes (approximately 20,000). Yet, the total number of proteins produced in humans approaches 100,000. What accounts for this discrepancy in numbers?

Proteomics _____.

In the microarray shown in the textbook (p. 414), the cDNAs were labeled with red and green fluorescent tags. Why do some spots on the microarray emit yellow light?

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How is the order of the nucleotides determined for the original intact chromosome?

Summarize the relationships between the following types of organisms with respect to genome size: viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

The study of gene function by observing changes in phenotype is termed _____.

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes of two or more different organisms are called _____.

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

A researcher obtains the results of his RNA-seq analysis. Several transcripts are listed as being derived from the same gene. How is this possible?

The proteome represents _____, while the cellular proteome represents _____.

Researcher A studies the protein interactions involving the polypeptides that comprise hemoglobin, while Researcher B studies protein interactions between a protein kinase and its target protein. Researcher A will therefore focus on ____, and researcher B will focus on ____.

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function?

Which field of study applies mathematics and computer science to gain information from biological data, such as data related to gene structure and function?

The percentage of the human genome sequence that is protein-coding is less than _____.

A researcher is interested in creating a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationship of several cyanobacterial species based on the closeness of their nitrogenase gene sequences. Which field of research most directly applies to the researcher's project?