Question 1

What is the difference between a strict anaerobe and a facultative anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

Strict anaerobes cannot utilize oxygen a

Question 2

How are NADH and FADH2similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both directly produce ATP. 
B)  They are both used in glycolysis. 
C)  They both contain high energy phosphates. 
D)  They both contain high energy electrons. 
E)  They are both in the oxidized form. 
A)  They both directly produce ATP. 
B)  They are both used in glycolysis. 
C)  They both contain high energy phosphates. 
D)  They both contain high energy electrons. 
E)  They are both in the oxidized form.

Question 3

What is the ultimate fate of the atoms in oxygen gas (O2) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are respired as CO2. 
B)  They are incorporated to water. 
C)  They are attached to glucose. 
D)  They are attached to pyruvate. 
E)  They accept electrons in glycolysis. 
A)  They are respired as CO2. 
B)  They are incorporated to water. 
C)  They are attached to glucose. 
D)  They are attached to pyruvate. 
E)  They accept electrons in glycolysis.

Question 4

Ultimately, the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in which molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  acetate 
C)  ATP 
D)  CoA 
E)  CO2 
A)  NADH 
B)  acetate 
C)  ATP 
D)  CoA 
E)  CO2

Question 5

Per molecule of glucose, oxidation occurs ____ times during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 6

Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called strict anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are able to survive using less energy than aerobes. 
B)  All of their ATP is imported into the cell from an external source. 
C)  Sulfur is used instead of oxygen because it is chemically similar. 
D)  These organisms use photosynthesis to produce energy. 
E)  Their mitochondria are damaged, and consequently they are short-lived. 
A)  They are able to survive using less energy than aerobes. 
B)  All of their ATP is imported into the cell from an external source. 
C)  Sulfur is used instead of oxygen because it is chemically similar. 
D)  These organisms use photosynthesis to produce energy. 
E)  Their mitochondria are damaged, and consequently they are short-lived.

Question 7

What directly supplies the electrons for the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP and ADP 
B)  FADH2and NADH 
C)  pyruvate and acetate 
D)  various enzymes 
E)  oxygen and water 
A)  ATP and ADP 
B)  FADH2and NADH 
C)  pyruvate and acetate 
D)  various enzymes 
E)  oxygen and water

Question 8

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for some cellular respiration pathways to make ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In order to completely oxidize glucose, it takes two turns of the citric acid cycle, which yields a net of two ATP, six NADH and two FADH2. How many of the 32 total ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration come from the citric acid cycle, including the contribution from the NADH and FADH2?

Accepted Answer

A)  32 
B)  28 
C)  24 
D)  20 
E)  16 
A)  32 
B)  28 
C)  24 
D)  20 
E)  16

Question 10

What type of chemical reaction must occur for electrons to flow from one molecule to the next and supply the energy for metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  acid/base 
B)  reduction/oxidation 
C)  exothermic 
D)  trimolecular 
E)  phosphorylation 
A)  acid/base 
B)  reduction/oxidation 
C)  exothermic 
D)  trimolecular 
E)  phosphorylation

Question 11

When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, why are the skeletal and heart muscles and the brain most often affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the most important organs. 
B)  They have the highest energy needs. 
C)  They are generally very fragile. 
D)  They have fewer mitochondria in the cell. 
E)  They are the most complex organs. 
A)  They are the most important organs. 
B)  They have the highest energy needs. 
C)  They are generally very fragile. 
D)  They have fewer mitochondria in the cell. 
E)  They are the most complex organs.

Question 12

Patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency develop neurological symptoms. Patients with this disease fail to make the substrates required for which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate oxidation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  the citric acid cycle 
E)  fatty acid oxidation 
A)  pyruvate oxidation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  the citric acid cycle 
E)  fatty acid oxidation

Question 13

A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by ____ that is used primarily for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemiosmosis; substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  the electron transport chain; chemiosmosis 
C)  the electron transport chain; substrate-level phosphorylation 
D)  fermentation; NAD reduction 
E)  glycolysis; production of CO2 
A)  chemiosmosis; substrate-level phosphorylation 
B)  the electron transport chain; chemiosmosis 
C)  the electron transport chain; substrate-level phosphorylation 
D)  fermentation; NAD reduction 
E)  glycolysis; production of CO2

Question 14

If the inner membrane of the mitochondria were compromised in some way, what effect would this have on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transport of electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane would not occur. 
B)  The proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would dissipate. 
C)  The ATP synthase enzyme would relocate to the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  The cell would generate more ATP. 
E)  ATP would no longer be made anywhere in the cell by any mechanism. 
A)  The transport of electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane would not occur. 
B)  The proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would dissipate. 
C)  The ATP synthase enzyme would relocate to the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  The cell would generate more ATP. 
E)  ATP would no longer be made anywhere in the cell by any mechanism.

Question 15

Suppose a human metabolic disease only allows electrons to be used from NADH and not FADH2.  What is a probable cause of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  a defect in assembly protein genes for complex II of the electron transport chain 
B)  enzyme defects in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
C)  a deficient amount of cytochrome c and coenzyme Q 
D)  improper regulation of phosphofructokinase 
E)  inability of oxygen to act as a final electron acceptor 
A)  a defect in assembly protein genes for complex II of the electron transport chain 
B)  enzyme defects in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
C)  a deficient amount of cytochrome c and coenzyme Q 
D)  improper regulation of phosphofructokinase 
E)  inability of oxygen to act as a final electron acceptor

Question 16

What is directly responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein complexes I, II, III, and IV 
B)  cytochrome c and ubiquinone 
C)  protein complexes I and III 
D)  protein complexes I, III, and IV 
E)  NADH and FADH2 
A)  protein complexes I, II, III, and IV 
B)  cytochrome c and ubiquinone 
C)  protein complexes I and III 
D)  protein complexes I, III, and IV 
E)  NADH and FADH2

Question 17

In prokaryotes, ____ occur(s) in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A)  only glycolysis 
B)  only pyruvate oxidation 
C)  only the citric acid cycle 
D)  glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 
E)  only glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation 
A)  only glycolysis 
B)  only pyruvate oxidation 
C)  only the citric acid cycle 
D)  glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 
E)  only glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation

Question 18

In the absence of ATP synthase, animal cells would not be able to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  create a proton gradient 
B)  hydrolyze glucose to G3P 
C)  carry out oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  produce ATP 
E)  carry out pyruvate oxidation 
A)  create a proton gradient 
B)  hydrolyze glucose to G3P 
C)  carry out oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  produce ATP 
E)  carry out pyruvate oxidation

Question 19

Where would you expect to find proteins responsible for controlling the substances that enter and leave mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane of the cell 
B)  inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  outer mitochondrial membrane 
D)  nuclear membrane 
E)  lysosomal membrane 
A)  plasma membrane of the cell 
B)  inner mitochondrial membrane 
C)  outer mitochondrial membrane 
D)  nuclear membrane 
E)  lysosomal membrane

Question 20

The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is directly involved in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation 
B)  pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle 
C)  citric acid cycle and electron transport chain 
D)  electron transport chain and glycolysis 
E)  electron transport chain and fermentation 
A)  glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation 
B)  pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle 
C)  citric acid cycle and electron transport chain 
D)  electron transport chain and glycolysis 
E)  electron transport chain and fermentation

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

What is the difference between a strict anaerobe and a facultative anaerobe?

How are NADH and FADH2similar?

What is the ultimate fate of the atoms in oxygen gas (O2) in cellular respiration?

Ultimately, the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in which molecule?

Per molecule of glucose, oxidation occurs ____ times during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called strict anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?

What directly supplies the electrons for the electron transport chain?

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for some cellular respiration pathways to make ATP.

In order to completely oxidize glucose, it takes two turns of the citric acid cycle, which yields a net of two ATP, six NADH and two FADH2. How many of the 32 total ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration come from the citric acid cycle, including the contribution from the NADH and FADH2?

What type of chemical reaction must occur for electrons to flow from one molecule to the next and supply the energy for metabolism?

When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, why are the skeletal and heart muscles and the brain most often affected?

Patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency develop neurological symptoms. Patients with this disease fail to make the substrates required for which metabolic process?

A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by ____ that is used primarily for ____.

If the inner membrane of the mitochondria were compromised in some way, what effect would this have on cellular respiration?

Suppose a human metabolic disease only allows electrons to be used from NADH and not FADH2. What is a probable cause of this disease?

What is directly responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?

In prokaryotes, ____ occur(s) in the cytosol.

In the absence of ATP synthase, animal cells would not be able to ____.

Where would you expect to find proteins responsible for controlling the substances that enter and leave mitochondria?

The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is directly involved in ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

How are NADH and FADH₂similar?

What is the ultimate fate of the atoms in oxygen gas (O₂) in cellular respiration?

A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O₂will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by that is used primarily for .

Suppose a human metabolic disease only allows electrons to be used from NADH and not FADH₂. What is a probable cause of this disease?