Question 1

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the properties of the...

Question 2

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

Accepted Answer

A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
A)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies contracts 
B)  moving away from a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting 
C)  staying relatively still in space while the space between the galaxies expands 
D)  moving away from a common center while the space between the galaxies expands 
E)  moving toward a common center in space that is neither expanding nor contracting

Question 3

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

Accepted Answer

As long as radiation dominated the early

Question 5

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day 
A)  was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter 
B)  was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter 
C)  has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe 
D)  steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day 
E)  steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day

Question 7

The Universe has____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
B)  no edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
C)  an edge, has a center, and is finite 
D)  an edge, has a center, and is infinite 
E)  no edge, does not have a center, and is infinite 
A)  an edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
B)  no edge, does not have a center, and is finite 
C)  an edge, has a center, and is finite 
D)  an edge, has a center, and is infinite 
E)  no edge, does not have a center, and is infinite

Question 8

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heaviest element created in the big...

Question 9

The big bang only created hydrogen and helium (with miniscule amounts of lithium) because____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma ray photons disrupt large nuclei more easily 
B)  antimatter is attracted to large nuclei, leaving only light nuclei 
C)  heavier elements can only be formed through fusion 
D)  elements with an atomic weight of 5 or 8 are unstable 
E)  temperatures were high enough to fuse hydrogen, but not helium 
A)  gamma ray photons disrupt large nuclei more easily 
B)  antimatter is attracted to large nuclei, leaving only light nuclei 
C)  heavier elements can only be formed through fusion 
D)  elements with an atomic weight of 5 or 8 are unstable 
E)  temperatures were high enough to fuse hydrogen, but not helium

Question 10

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds 
A)  millions 
B)  hundreds of thousands 
C)  tens of thousands 
D)  thousands 
E)  hundreds

Question 11

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces 
A)  both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation 
B)  different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces 
C)  different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces 
D)  different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces 
E)  different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces

Question 12

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

Accepted Answer

A series of observations of different pr

Question 13

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from...

Question 14

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for   _______________ radiation.

Accepted Answer

cosmic mic

Question 15

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak 
A)  strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic 
B)  electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak 
C)  electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak 
D)  magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong 
E)  electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak

Question 16

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center 
A)  Universe must have a center, but not an edge 
B)  sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions 
C)  Universe should have an edge, but not a center 
D)  Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang. 
E)  Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center

Question 17

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

Accepted Answer

A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang 
A)  creating the first microwave telescope 
B)  finding the direction of the center of the Universe 
C)  detecting energy released in the splitting of the electroweak force 
D)  detecting the large redshift background radiation from the big bang 
E)  measuring the temperature of the big bang

Question 19

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Universe is _______________ because it looks...

Question 20

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Accepted Answer

Originally, the Universe was so hot that

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The fact that the properties of the Universe are close to the dividing line between open and closed Universes refers to the _______________ problem.

The proper interpretation of the Hubble law (which relates the redshift of a galaxy to its distance) is that as time goes on, galaxies are____.

The cosmological redshifts of galaxies are Doppler shifts.

How did dark matter behave differently from normal matter during the early stages of the big bang, and how is this important for the formation of stars and galaxies?

The cosmological principle states that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general properties for the Universe.

The expansion of the Universe ____.

The Universe has____.

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

The big bang only created hydrogen and helium (with miniscule amounts of lithium) because____.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) The change from a radiation-dominated to a matter-dominated Universe occurred at a temperature closest to ____ of degrees Kelvin.

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

The cosmic microwave background radiation comes from the time when neutral hydrogen atoms formed in the process of _______________.

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for _______________ radiation.

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson are famous for____.

The Universe is _______________ because it looks the same in any direction you observe it.

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

Filters