Question 1

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  baryonic matter being greater than the effects of dark matter and dark energy 
B)  baryonic matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of dark matter. 
C)  dark matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of baryonic matter. 
D)  baryonic matter and dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
E)  dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
A)  baryonic matter being greater than the effects of dark matter and dark energy 
B)  baryonic matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of dark matter. 
C)  dark matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of baryonic matter. 
D)  baryonic matter and dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. 
E)  dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy.

Question 2

Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence shows that high-energy photons can convert into matter and _______________.

Accepted Answer

antimatter

Question 3

Olber's paradox is explained by the fact that the Universe is neither static nor infinite in age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 K 
B)  273 K 
C)  27 K 
D)  7.2 K 
E)  2.7 K 
A)  0 K 
B)  273 K 
C)  27 K 
D)  7.2 K 
E)  2.7 K

Question 5

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence () is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma ray photons create matter and antimatter 
B)  stable protons and neutrons can exist below a certain temperature 
C)  antimatter can exist 
D)  matter became more prevalent than antimatter 
E)  the Universe expanded rapidly 
A)  gamma ray photons create matter and antimatter 
B)  stable protons and neutrons can exist below a certain temperature 
C)  antimatter can exist 
D)  matter became more prevalent than antimatter 
E)  the Universe expanded rapidly

Question 6

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden, temporary episode of rapid, enormous expansion of the early Universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden,...

Question 8

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 9

Dark matter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter 
A)  is homogenously distributed through the Universe 
B)  began clumping due to tiny variations in density at the moment of the big bang 
C)  began clumping due to large variations in the distribution of matter and antimatter 
D)  is isotropically distributed through the Universe 
E)  began clumping due to the variations in the distribution of baryonic matter

Question 10

During one phase of the big bang, gamma ray photons were creating electrons and positrons (anti-electrons). At this time, the Universe also contained ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  protons and antiprotons 
B)  protons and neutrons 
C)  neutrons only 
D)  no other matter or antimatter 
E)  neutral atoms 
A)  protons and antiprotons 
B)  protons and neutrons 
C)  neutrons only 
D)  no other matter or antimatter 
E)  neutral atoms

Question 11

The cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted during a time when ____ was the important process in the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  recombination 
B)  ionization 
C)  fusion 
D)  antiproton production 
E)  positron production 
A)  recombination 
B)  ionization 
C)  fusion 
D)  antiproton production 
E)  positron production

Question 12

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls 
A)  homogenously 
B)  isotropically 
C)  in long, narrow filaments surrounding empty voids 
D)  statically 
E)  in bubbles surrounded by empty walls

Question 13

Cosmologists cannot begin their history of the big bang at a time of exactly zero because it cannot be explained by current physics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Modern observations have shown that the geometry of the Universe is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  flat, and the Universe must be infinite 
B)  flat, and the Universe must not be infinite 
C)  open, and the Universe must be infinite 
D)  closed, and the Universe must be infinite 
E)  closed, and the Universe must not be infinite 
A)  flat, and the Universe must be infinite 
B)  flat, and the Universe must not be infinite 
C)  open, and the Universe must be infinite 
D)  closed, and the Universe must be infinite 
E)  closed, and the Universe must not be infinite

Question 15

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists who study the Universe as a...

Question 16

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Galaxies are being separated from each o

Question 17

The observed distribution of matter in the Universe is best understood as being caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clumping of dark matter in the early Universe causing clumping of normal matter 
B)  clumping of normal matter in the early Universe causing clumping of dark matter 
C)  simultaneous clumping of normal and dark matter 
D)  large variations in the intensity of the cosmic microwave background 
E)  homogenous expansion of normal and dark matter 
A)  clumping of dark matter in the early Universe causing clumping of normal matter 
B)  clumping of normal matter in the early Universe causing clumping of dark matter 
C)  simultaneous clumping of normal and dark matter 
D)  large variations in the intensity of the cosmic microwave background 
E)  homogenous expansion of normal and dark matter

Question 18

Normal matter is baryonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Briefly describe the steps in the big bang that provided the protons, neutrons, and electrons necessary for nucleosynthesis - the building of complex atoms.

Accepted Answer

In the first phase of the big bang, the

Question 20

All dark matter in our Universe falls into the category of "hot dark matter".

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

Einstein's theory of mass-energy equivalence shows that high-energy photons can convert into matter and _______________.

Olber's paradox is explained by the fact that the Universe is neither static nor infinite in age.

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence () is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

The decoupling of the strong force from the electroweak force provided energy for a rapid inflation of the Universe.

The _______________ universe hypothesis predicts a sudden, temporary episode of rapid, enormous expansion of the early Universe.

Figure 18-12 (for the following questions) One year after the big bang, the temperature of the Universe was approximately____ degrees Kelvin.

Dark matter ____.

During one phase of the big bang, gamma ray photons were creating electrons and positrons (anti-electrons). At this time, the Universe also contained ____.

The cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted during a time when ____ was the important process in the Universe.

Clusters of galaxies are distributed in space ____.

Cosmologists cannot begin their history of the big bang at a time of exactly zero because it cannot be explained by current physics.

Modern observations have shown that the geometry of the Universe is ____.

Scientists who study the Universe as a whole are called _______________.

When an astronomer measures the redshift to a distant galaxy, exactly what physical process is being measured?

The observed distribution of matter in the Universe is best understood as being caused by ____.

Normal matter is baryonic.

Briefly describe the steps in the big bang that provided the protons, neutrons, and electrons necessary for nucleosynthesis - the building of complex atoms.

All dark matter in our Universe falls into the category of "hot dark matter".

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

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