Question 1

_______________ are objects of known luminosity used for finding distances.

Accepted Answer

Standard candles

Question 2

Cepheid variables are useful in measuring the distance to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky way, but nothing farther 
B)  globular clusters and the Andromeda Galaxy, but not more distant objects 
C)  galaxies that are within 30 megaparsecs, a relatively short distance 
D)  galaxies that are moderately far away, up to about 500 megaparsecs 
E)  galaxies and galactic clusters within a gigaparsec of the Milky Way 
A)  globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky way, but nothing farther 
B)  globular clusters and the Andromeda Galaxy, but not more distant objects 
C)  galaxies that are within 30 megaparsecs, a relatively short distance 
D)  galaxies that are moderately far away, up to about 500 megaparsecs 
E)  galaxies and galactic clusters within a gigaparsec of the Milky Way C

Question 3

One of the rare galaxies that is isolated in space is likely to be a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  starburst galaxy 
B)  ultra luminous infrared galaxy 
C)  dwarf galaxy 
D)  antenna galaxy 
E)  spiral galaxy 
A)  starburst galaxy 
B)  ultra luminous infrared galaxy 
C)  dwarf galaxy 
D)  antenna galaxy 
E)  spiral galaxy E

Question 4

_______________ galaxies have star formation, but no clear shape.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ galaxies have star formation, but no...

Question 5

S0 galaxies have spiral arms, but little to no gas and dust. This is believed to happen because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  their gas has been cannibalized by other galaxies 
B)  they have had bursts of star formation during major collision the gas and dust formed new stars 
C)  starburst events have used up all of the gas and dust in the disk 
D)  gas and dust have been stripped from the galaxies as they pass through hot, intergalactic gas 
E)  tidal interactions have forced the gas into the central bulge 
A)  their gas has been cannibalized by other galaxies 
B)  they have had bursts of star formation during major collision the gas and dust formed new stars 
C)  starburst events have used up all of the gas and dust in the disk 
D)  gas and dust have been stripped from the galaxies as they pass through hot, intergalactic gas 
E)  tidal interactions have forced the gas into the central bulge

Question 6

Gentle tidal interactions are probably necessary to support the formation of _______________ in a galaxy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gentle tidal interactions are probably necessary to...

Question 7

A supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy typically represents ____ of the galaxy's total mass.

Accepted Answer

A)  a tiny fraction of a percent 
B)  about a percent 
C)  1-5% 
D)  10% 
E)  50% 
A)  a tiny fraction of a percent 
B)  about a percent 
C)  1-5% 
D)  10% 
E)  50%

Question 8

The range of diameters and luminosities displayed by elliptical galaxies is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  similar to the range of spirals, and smaller than spiral galaxies on average 
B)  similar to the range of spirals, and about the same as spiral galaxies on average 
C)  similar to the range of spirals, and larger than spiral galaxies on average 
D)  wider than the range for spirals, extending to much larger sizes than spiral galaxies 
E)  wider than the range for spirals, extending to much smaller sizes than spiral galaxies 
A)  similar to the range of spirals, and smaller than spiral galaxies on average 
B)  similar to the range of spirals, and about the same as spiral galaxies on average 
C)  similar to the range of spirals, and larger than spiral galaxies on average 
D)  wider than the range for spirals, extending to much larger sizes than spiral galaxies 
E)  wider than the range for spirals, extending to much smaller sizes than spiral galaxies

Question 9

When spiral nebulae were first discovered, astronomers quickly identified them as distant groupings of stars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Briefly describe the characteristics of an elliptical galaxy.

Accepted Answer

Elliptical galaxies are rounded shapes t

Question 11

Galactic _______________ describes the process of a large galaxy absorbing a smaller one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Galactic _______________ describes the process of a...

Question 12

The ____ depend(s) on the assumption that the mass of a galaxy or galactic cluster is large enough to keep moving matter bound to the main structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  rotation curve method 
B)  velocity dispersion and cluster methods 
C)  Shapley-Curtis and Hubble methods 
D)  recessional velocity method 
E)  tangential velocity method 
A)  rotation curve method 
B)  velocity dispersion and cluster methods 
C)  Shapley-Curtis and Hubble methods 
D)  recessional velocity method 
E)  tangential velocity method

Question 13

NASA's Hubble Deep Field images and GOODS program observations have shown that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  there are large patchy regions of the sky covered with galaxies separated by empty areas 
B)  the entire sky is thickly covered with galaxies 
C)  galaxies can be found in all directions, but are relatively rare 
D)  galaxies are densely concentrated in a disk structure, which contains the Milky Way 
E)  galaxies are concentrated in two opposite directions on the sky, with very few in between 
A)  there are large patchy regions of the sky covered with galaxies separated by empty areas 
B)  the entire sky is thickly covered with galaxies 
C)  galaxies can be found in all directions, but are relatively rare 
D)  galaxies are densely concentrated in a disk structure, which contains the Milky Way 
E)  galaxies are concentrated in two opposite directions on the sky, with very few in between

Question 14

Discuss the discovery of galaxies, and the scientific debate that led astronomers to identify them as distant clouds of billions of stars.

Accepted Answer

In the middle 1800s, astronomers were fi

Question 15

How have elliptical and spiral galaxies developed differently through interactions with other galaxies?

Accepted Answer

Elliptical galaxies are usually found in

Question 16

How does the Milky Way compare to other spiral galaxies in size?

Accepted Answer

The Milky Way is a large spira

Question 17

The _______________ time is the amount of time it took light to travel from a celestial object to Earth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ time is the amount of...

Question 18

A galaxy that has created a large number of young stars all at once is a(n) _______________ galaxy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A galaxy that has created a large...

Question 19

The Milky Way and other spiral galaxies ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  must have formed recently, because they contain young stars 
B)  formed spiral arms as the result of major collisions with other galaxies 
C)  created their disks through the process of galactic cannibalism 
D)  must be very old because they contain so much gas and dust 
E)  cannot maintain their disk structure if they suffer a major collision 
A)  must have formed recently, because they contain young stars 
B)  formed spiral arms as the result of major collisions with other galaxies 
C)  created their disks through the process of galactic cannibalism 
D)  must be very old because they contain so much gas and dust 
E)  cannot maintain their disk structure if they suffer a major collision

Question 20

Because the Hubble constant equals 70 km/s/Mpc, a galaxy with a recession velocity of 4,900 km/s would be a distance of ____ Mpc from Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.014 
B)  70 
C)  4930 
D)  4970 
E)  343,000 
A)  0.014 
B)  70 
C)  4930 
D)  4970 
E)  343,000

Exam 16: Galaxies

_______________ are objects of known luminosity used for finding distances.

Cepheid variables are useful in measuring the distance to ____.

One of the rare galaxies that is isolated in space is likely to be a(n) ____.

_______________ galaxies have star formation, but no clear shape.

S0 galaxies have spiral arms, but little to no gas and dust. This is believed to happen because ____.

Gentle tidal interactions are probably necessary to support the formation of _______________ in a galaxy.

A supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy typically represents ____ of the galaxy's total mass.

The range of diameters and luminosities displayed by elliptical galaxies is ____.

When spiral nebulae were first discovered, astronomers quickly identified them as distant groupings of stars.

Briefly describe the characteristics of an elliptical galaxy.

Galactic _______________ describes the process of a large galaxy absorbing a smaller one.

The ____ depend(s) on the assumption that the mass of a galaxy or galactic cluster is large enough to keep moving matter bound to the main structure.

NASA's Hubble Deep Field images and GOODS program observations have shown that ____.

Discuss the discovery of galaxies, and the scientific debate that led astronomers to identify them as distant clouds of billions of stars.

How have elliptical and spiral galaxies developed differently through interactions with other galaxies?

How does the Milky Way compare to other spiral galaxies in size?

The _______________ time is the amount of time it took light to travel from a celestial object to Earth.

A galaxy that has created a large number of young stars all at once is a(n) _______________ galaxy.

The Milky Way and other spiral galaxies ____.

Because the Hubble constant equals 70 km/s/Mpc, a galaxy with a recession velocity of 4,900 km/s would be a distance of ____ Mpc from Earth.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Moon Phases and Eclipses

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Gravity

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Interstellar Medium

Formation and Structure of Stars

Stellar Evolution

Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies

Modern Cosmology

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth the Active Planet

The Moon and Mercury

Venus and Mars

Jupiter and Saturn

Uranus Neptune Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Meteorites Asteroids and Comets

Astrobiology

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