Exam 12: Romanesque Europe

____ was the artist of one of the earliest sets of Romanesque reliefs at Saint-Sernin.

Briefly evaluate the Cluniac order and its contribution to architecture.

A more complex and efficient type of vaulting than was currently available was needed-one that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing. Which of the following systems would allow this adoption?

The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.

Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of ____ churches.

What features must a church possess to be considered a pilgrimage-type church?

The use of ____ characterizes Tuscan Romanesque monuments such as San Miniato al Monte and San Giovanni.

What purpose did Gislebertus's image of the Last Judgment on the portal of Saint-Lazare serve?

____ is the church most closely associated with the crusades.

One of the most obvious differences between Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay and other Romanesque churches is the absence of ____.

Which of these architectural elements was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque buildings?

The focus of the sculptural program of the abbey church of Saint Pierre at Moissac is the ____.

Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus's Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.

What role did the tribune play in church architecture?

The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae , is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?

The frieze from the facade of Modena reminded the faithful of original sin and that the path to salvation is through Christ. Which of the following is the subject matter of the frieze?

Compare and contrast the development of Romanesque manuscripts. How did regional styles affect this development? What other factors also contributed to this development? Use examples to support your essay.

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.

The Romanesque period has been credited with the revival of stone carving. Briefly explain the reasons for such a revival.

Compare and contrast two regional styles of Romanesque churches and characterize the style of each. Include the reasons for these developments. Use examples to support your essay.