Exam 12: Romanesque Europe

____, in northern Spain, boasts more Romanesque murals than anywhere else in Europe.

The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.

Another Romanesque portal that established God's omnipotence and presented the church as a road to salvation is ____.

____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.

One of the exceptional features of the interior of Saint-Étienne at Vignory in comparison to other Romanesque churches is ____.

In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?

The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry . Who commissioned this work?

Describe the development of the portal sculptural programs for Romanesque churches. How did these programs reflect their respective regions? How were they similar, and how were they different? Use examples to support your essay.

Which of the following supports Eadwine's claim to self-importance?

In his writings, Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloisters because it ____.

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

At Saint-Sernin, the ____ served as the module for the proportions of the entire church.

What did the Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela detail?

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light. Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?

The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror's version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque artworks. Which of the following supports this contention?

Briefly describe the impact pilgrimage routes had on Romanesque Europe.

The Gospel books that are stylistically related to Moissac are the ____.

The Romanesque church that had a wooden ceiling like those found in early Christian basilicas was which of the following?

In its three stories in the nave and timber roof, Saint-Étienne at Vignory resembles ____ churches.

What were the technical problems encountered by the Romanesque masons when constructing cut-stone groin vaults? How did they solve the problems?