Question 1

What does "narrow spectrum antimicrobial" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antimicrobial is effective for a very short time. 
B)  The antimicrobial is effective against a few microbes. 
C)  The antimicrobial can only be administered to a small segment of the population. 
D)  The antimicrobial is activated by a specific wavelength in the visible spectrum. 
E)  The antimicrobial is effective on all bacteria but not eukaryotes. 
A)  The antimicrobial is effective for a very short time. 
B)  The antimicrobial is effective against a few microbes. 
C)  The antimicrobial can only be administered to a small segment of the population. 
D)  The antimicrobial is activated by a specific wavelength in the visible spectrum. 
E)  The antimicrobial is effective on all bacteria but not eukaryotes.

Question 2

A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum)concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum)concentration of a drug is one...

Question 3

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test,the concentration of the drug was bactericidal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A drug is structurally similar to PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis.It is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid analog. 
B)  penicillin. 
C)  tetracycline. 
D)  azole. 
E)  sulfonamide. 
A)  nucleic acid analog. 
B)  penicillin. 
C)  tetracycline. 
D)  azole. 
E)  sulfonamide.

Question 5

A microbe resistant to a variety of different antimicrobials is said to have (cross/drug/multiple)resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A microbe resistant to a variety of...

Question 6

Paul Erhlich coined the term antibiotics for the "magic bullet" antimicrobials he pursued.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A newly discovered prokaryote produces a compound with promising antimicrobial effects.Devise a set of tests to determine whether the antimicrobial is broad or narrow spectrum and bactericidal or bacteriostatic.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary somewhat,but the follo

Question 8

Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less stable and consequently have fewer side effects. 
B)  They work faster. 
C)  They have a broader spectrum of action. 
D)  They must be administered intravenously. 
E)  They are not readily absorbed, so they persist longer. 
A)  They are less stable and consequently have fewer side effects. 
B)  They work faster. 
C)  They have a broader spectrum of action. 
D)  They must be administered intravenously. 
E)  They are not readily absorbed, so they persist longer.

Question 9

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells. 
B)  exposure to drugs causes mutations that produce resistance. 
C)  resistant cells become numerous in a population due to their greater vigor. 
D)  the patient becomes immune to the drug. 
E)  synergy between medications occurs. 
A)  exposure to drugs selectively kills sensitive cells, allowing overgrowth of resistant cells. 
B)  exposure to drugs causes mutations that produce resistance. 
C)  resistant cells become numerous in a population due to their greater vigor. 
D)  the patient becomes immune to the drug. 
E)  synergy between medications occurs.

Question 10

Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules)to prevent production of a new virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules)to prevent...

Question 11

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/multiple/synergistic)resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of...

Question 12

The broth dilution test can provide information for determining

Accepted Answer

A)  the molecular target of an antibiotic. 
B)  the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration). 
C)  the rate of diffusion of an antibiotic. 
D)  the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), with an additional step. 
E)  both the MIC and the MBC (with an additional step). 
A)  the molecular target of an antibiotic. 
B)  the MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration). 
C)  the rate of diffusion of an antibiotic. 
D)  the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), with an additional step. 
E)  both the MIC and the MBC (with an additional step).

Question 13

Antimicrobials known as "attachment antagonists" are particularly useful for preventing

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial protein synthesis. 
B)  cell membrane synthesis. 
C)  virus infection. 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  biofilm formation. 
A)  bacterial protein synthesis. 
B)  cell membrane synthesis. 
C)  virus infection. 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  biofilm formation.

Question 14

The therapeutic range of an antimicrobial is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ratio of the dose a patient can tolerate to the effective dose. 
B)  range of microorganisms the antimicrobial effects. 
C)  range of concentrations at which the antimicrobial is both effective and non-toxic. 
D)  ratio of the concentration of antimicrobial in the blood to the oral dose. 
E)  length of time the medication persists in the body after a single dose. 
A)  ratio of the dose a patient can tolerate to the effective dose. 
B)  range of microorganisms the antimicrobial effects. 
C)  range of concentrations at which the antimicrobial is both effective and non-toxic. 
D)  ratio of the concentration of antimicrobial in the blood to the oral dose. 
E)  length of time the medication persists in the body after a single dose.

Question 15

Why can microbial resistance to antibiotics and other drugs be considered a primarily genetic phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Microbial resistance is considered a gen

Question 16

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the drugs out of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

AZT and Valaciclovir are antiviral nucleoside analogs that interfere with

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  cell wall synthesis. 
C)  cell membrane component synthesis. 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  viral attachment. 
A)  protein synthesis. 
B)  cell wall synthesis. 
C)  cell membrane component synthesis. 
D)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  viral attachment.

Question 19

The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway. 
E)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. 
A)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway. 
E)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes.

Question 20

The mechanism of action of erythromycin is

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway. 
E)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. 
A)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
B)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
C)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway. 
E)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes.

Exam 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

What does "narrow spectrum antimicrobial" mean?

A (bacteriocidial/bacteriostatic/minimum)concentration of a drug is one at which microbes survive but are not able to grow and reproduce.

If a subculture of an MIC test grows in an MBC test,the concentration of the drug was bactericidal.

A drug is structurally similar to PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis.It is most likely a(n)

A microbe resistant to a variety of different antimicrobials is said to have (cross/drug/multiple)resistance.

Paul Erhlich coined the term antibiotics for the "magic bullet" antimicrobials he pursued.

A newly discovered prokaryote produces a compound with promising antimicrobial effects.Devise a set of tests to determine whether the antimicrobial is broad or narrow spectrum and bactericidal or bacteriostatic.

Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs?

Drug-resistant populations of microbes arise when

Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules)to prevent production of a new virus.

Some bacteria develop resistance to groups of drugs because the drugs are all structurally similar to each other; this is a phenomenon known as (cross/multiple/synergistic)resistance.

The broth dilution test can provide information for determining

Antimicrobials known as "attachment antagonists" are particularly useful for preventing

The therapeutic range of an antimicrobial is the

Why can microbial resistance to antibiotics and other drugs be considered a primarily genetic phenomenon?

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria enables many antimicrobial drugs to enter the cell more easily.

Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the drugs out of the cell.

AZT and Valaciclovir are antiviral nucleoside analogs that interfere with

The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is

The mechanism of action of erythromycin is

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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