Exam 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

GI motility and the release of GI secretions are coordinated with the introduction of _____ into each of the regions of the GI tract

The flow of blood between the heart and the lungs is referred to as _____

Digestive enzymes break starch and protein into smaller components through the chemical process of _____

Which mechanism enables substances to move through the cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without any energy expenditure?

The presence of fat-containing chyme in the stomach signals the release of CCK from the small intestine

What would happen if all nutrients in all the foods that you eat were 100% bioavailable?

The erosion of the mucosal lining in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus results in a _______________

Connective tissue provides a protective layer on body surfaces as well as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and organs

What traps nutrients and pulls them toward the enterocytes?

_______________ beverages, such as sour lemonade, have a pH less than 7

The lymphatic system transports fat-soluble nutrients away from the GI tract

Positively charged ions are called cations, while negatively charged ions are called anions

The process used to transport some molecules across cell membranes against the prevailing concentration gradient requires _____ and _____

The variety of secretions needed for digestion are produced and released from accessory organs and from specialized cells in the _____ of the GI tract

Uncharged neutrons and positively charged electrons are both housed in the nucleus of an atom

The exchange of materials, nutrients, and gases between the blood and the tissues is the primary function of the _____

The hormone insulin, which is produced by the cells of the pancreas, is released into the surrounding extracellular fluid by an energy-requiring process called _____

What are the functions of each of the four tissue layers of the GI tract?

IBD, which is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the GI tract, is classified as a(n) _____ disease

The attractive force between atoms formed through the transfer or sharing of electrons is called _____