Exam 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

Once water-soluble nutrients enter the bloodstream, they circulate directly to cells throughout the body

_______________ is an autoimmune response to the protein gluten that damages the absorptive surface of the small intestine

How do peptic ulcers differ from the condition known as GERD?

GERD occurs when the unprotected lining of the _____ is repeatedly exposed to gastric juice

Atoms consist of subatomic units called protons, electrons, and _____

The small intestine is about 1 inch in diameter and _____ long

Nutrients and oxygen are delivered to cells by the cardiovascular and _____ systems

The fluid that surrounds cells is called the intracellular fluid

The structures that carry out intracellular activities are called _____

Gastric relates to or pertains to the _____

_____ foods contain live bacterial cultures that colonize the colon and have health-promoting benefits

What transports blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs?

Active transport mechanisms include those that are carrier mediated and _____ transport

Mechanoreceptors detect stretching or distension in the walls of the GI tract

When a substance crosses a cell membrane without the assistance of a transport protein or expenditure of energy, this process is categorized as a type of passive transport called _______________

The fundamental units of matter are called _____

By the time food leaves the stomach it has mixed with gastric juice and has been transformed into a semi-liquid paste called _____

Celiac disease is an inflammatory response to a specific protein called glycogen

Many nursing home residents have difficulty swallowing-a condition known as _____

What system controls physiological functions through production and release of hormones?