Exam 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

Water-soluble nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract are circulated directly to the _____

What are digestive enzymes and what do they do?

The accessory organs of the digestive system release a variety of _____ needed for digestion

The gastric phase of digestion begins when someone puts food in his/her mouth

One-way valves that regulate the flow of the luminal contents from one organ to the next are called controllers

Bile is reabsorbed through the ileum and returned to the _____

The movement of water across cell membranes is carefully regulated by _____ within and surrounding the cell

An atom is neutral when the number of _____

Which subatomic units are found in the nucleus of an atom?

What is a solution that reacts with both acids and bases to maintain a constant pH called?

The reaction shown here represents _____

The energy-requiring mechanism whereby molecules move into or out of cells by way of an enclosed vesicle, known as _______________ transport, takes two major forms: _______________ (in which substances are released into the cytoplasm) and _______________ (in which substances are released into the extracellular fluid)

The three main types of passive transport mechanisms for control of movement of substances into and out of cells are simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and _____

In _______________, which is caused by the weakening of the gastroesophageal sphincter, gastric juices reflux into the esophagus and irritate the mucosal lining

Which cellular organelles are responsible for converting the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into ATP, a form of energy that the cells can use?

Why would someone who has suffered skeletal muscle injury and damage to the nerves in the head and neck be at risk for developing nutrition problems?

Tissues are composed of a group of _____ with similar form and function

Smelling cookies baking will likely make you hungry because the GI tract communicates with the _____ system

Why is it important that the human body have buffers?

A circular muscle called the _______________ regulates the flow of food between the stomach and the duodenum