Question 1

What is the difference between coenzymes and cofactors, and where do we get them from?

Accepted Answer

Cofactors are inorganic substances, or minerals, such as zinc, potassium, iron, and magnesium.Some enzymes require that cofactors be attached to their active sites in order to function.Coenzymes are organic molecules derived from vitamins such as niacin and riboflavin.Unlike cofactors, coenzymes are not actually a part of the enzyme structure.Rather, they assist enzymes by accepting and donating hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-), and other molecules during chemical reactions.The vitamins in our diet provide coenzymes and the minerals provide cofactors.

Question 2

What is the purpose of ketogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Ketogenesis is an anabolic process that feeds into the catabolic processes of energy generation in the brain and other tissues.Ketogenesis, which results in the synthesis of ketones, can spare the body from having to use amino acids to synthesize large amounts of glucose via gluconeogenesis.
Ketogenesis, which occurs mostly in the liver, provides the body with an important source of energy during times of glucose insufficiency (such as starvation and diabetes).However, only muscle, brain, and kidney tissue have the enzymes needed to metabolize ketones for energy.

Question 3

What percentage of college students describe themselves as binge drinkers?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 45% 
A) 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 30% 
D) 45% B

Question 4

Which organization helps people achieve sobriety?

Accepted Answer

A) AA 
B) Al-Anon 
C) Alateen 
D) MADD 
A) AA 
B) Al-Anon 
C) Alateen 
D) MADD

Question 5

Most of the major anabolic pathways operate during _____

Accepted Answer

A) the fed state 
B) the postabsorptive state 
C) acute starvation 
D) prolonged starvation 
A) the fed state 
B) the postabsorptive state 
C) acute starvation 
D) prolonged starvation

Question 6

The reduction in risk for cardiovascular disease associated with moderate alcohol consumption is due to the ability of alcohol to _____

Accepted Answer

A) raise LDL-cholesterol levels 
B) raise HDL-cholesterol levels 
C) lower LDL-cholesterol levels 
D) lower HDL-cholesterol levels 
A) raise LDL-cholesterol levels 
B) raise HDL-cholesterol levels 
C) lower LDL-cholesterol levels 
D) lower HDL-cholesterol levels

Question 7

A humanitarian program to help starving children in the Sudan was able to ensure that each child over the age of 6 consumed about 300 kcal per day All of the Calories came from complete protein sources Most probably, the children used the protein they consumed for _____

Accepted Answer

A) protein synthesis 
B) glycogen synthesis 
C) energy 
D) growth 
A) protein synthesis 
B) glycogen synthesis 
C) energy 
D) growth

Question 8

High rates of gluconeogenesis deplete the amount of _____

Accepted Answer

A) oxaloacetate 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) glycogen 
D) pyruvate 
A) oxaloacetate 
B) acetyl-CoA 
C) glycogen 
D) pyruvate

Question 9

The unpleasant side effects associated with heavy drinking (a "hangover": headache, nausea, and vomiting) are caused by an accumulation of:

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol. 
B) acetaldehyde. 
C) acetic acid. 
D) acetyl-CoA. 
A) alcohol. 
B) acetaldehyde. 
C) acetic acid. 
D) acetyl-CoA.

Question 10

What proportion of all cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with heavy drinking?

Accepted Answer

A) 20%-40% 
B) 30%-50% 
C) 50%-70% 
D) 70%-90% 
A) 20%-40% 
B) 30%-50% 
C) 50%-70% 
D) 70%-90%

Question 11

Habitual alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer, especially those of the mouth, esophagus, colon, liver, and breast

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely be the enzyme involved in reactions metabolizing amylose?

Accepted Answer

A) Amyloxyl 
B) Amylase 
C) Amylogen 
D) Amylosin 
A) Amyloxyl 
B) Amylase 
C) Amylogen 
D) Amylosin

Question 13

Organic molecules derived from vitamins that act as helpers are called:

Accepted Answer

A) coenzymes. 
B) cosubstrates. 
C) cofactors. 
D) cointermediates. 
A) coenzymes. 
B) cosubstrates. 
C) cofactors. 
D) cointermediates.

Question 14

During light to moderate drinking, most alcohol (78%) is metabolized by which enzyme system?

Accepted Answer

A) MEOS 
B) ATP 
C) ADH 
D) NADH 
A) MEOS 
B) ATP 
C) ADH 
D) NADH

Question 15

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans state that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation This is defined as up to _____ drink(s) per day for women and men, respectively

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 1 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 2 and 2 
D) 2 and 3 
A) 1 and 1 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 2 and 2 
D) 2 and 3

Question 16

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is called glycogenesis

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

After years of heavy drinking, cirrhosis can damage the _____

Accepted Answer

A) mouth 
B) heart 
C) liver 
D) pancreas 
A) mouth 
B) heart 
C) liver 
D) pancreas

Question 18

Liver and _____ cells break down _____ into glucose

Accepted Answer

A) brain, fatty acids 
B) muscle, glycogen 
C) heart, proteins 
D) central nervous system, fatty acids 
A) brain, fatty acids 
B) muscle, glycogen 
C) heart, proteins 
D) central nervous system, fatty acids

Question 19

Joe admits to consuming alcohol almost daily Lately, of the 2500 kcal he consumes every day, nearly 850 come from alcohol Which of the following is most likely true of Joe's micronutrient intake?

Accepted Answer

A) It is supplemented by the nutrients from alcohol 
B) It is excessive, which can cause Joe to crave alcohol 
C) It is adequate at this level of consumption, but could be a problem if Joe were to consume several more drinks each day 
D) It is inadequate 
A) It is supplemented by the nutrients from alcohol 
B) It is excessive, which can cause Joe to crave alcohol 
C) It is adequate at this level of consumption, but could be a problem if Joe were to consume several more drinks each day 
D) It is inadequate

Question 20

Which pathways release energy through the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?

Accepted Answer

A) Anabolic 
B) Synthetic 
C) Catabolic 
D) Diabolic 
A) Anabolic 
B) Synthetic 
C) Catabolic 
D) Diabolic

What is the difference between coenzymes and cofactors, and where do we get them from?

What is the purpose of ketogenesis?

What percentage of college students describe themselves as binge drinkers?

Which organization helps people achieve sobriety?

Most of the major anabolic pathways operate during _____

The reduction in risk for cardiovascular disease associated with moderate alcohol consumption is due to the ability of alcohol to _____

A humanitarian program to help starving children in the Sudan was able to ensure that each child over the age of 6 consumed about 300 kcal per day All of the Calories came from complete protein sources Most probably, the children used the protein they consumed for _____

High rates of gluconeogenesis deplete the amount of _____

The unpleasant side effects associated with heavy drinking (a "hangover": headache, nausea, and vomiting) are caused by an accumulation of:

What proportion of all cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with heavy drinking?

Habitual alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer, especially those of the mouth, esophagus, colon, liver, and breast

Which of the following would most likely be the enzyme involved in reactions metabolizing amylose?

Organic molecules derived from vitamins that act as helpers are called:

During light to moderate drinking, most alcohol (78%) is metabolized by which enzyme system?

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans state that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation This is defined as up to _____ drink(s) per day for women and men, respectively

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is called glycogenesis

After years of heavy drinking, cirrhosis can damage the _____

Liver and _ cells break down _ into glucose

Joe admits to consuming alcohol almost daily Lately, of the 2500 kcal he consumes every day, nearly 850 come from alcohol Which of the following is most likely true of Joe's micronutrient intake?

Which pathways release energy through the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?

The Science of Nutrition

Nutritional Assessment and Dietary Planning

Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

Carbohydrates

Protein

Lipids

Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation

Physical Activity and Health

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Major Minerals and Water

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition

Filters

Exam 7: Energy Metabolism

What is the difference between coenzymes and cofactors, and where do we get them from?

What is the purpose of ketogenesis?

What percentage of college students describe themselves as binge drinkers?

Which organization helps people achieve sobriety?

Most of the major anabolic pathways operate during _____

The reduction in risk for cardiovascular disease associated with moderate alcohol consumption is due to the ability of alcohol to _____

A humanitarian program to help starving children in the Sudan was able to ensure that each child over the age of 6 consumed about 300 kcal per day All of the Calories came from complete protein sources Most probably, the children used the protein they consumed for _____

High rates of gluconeogenesis deplete the amount of _____

The unpleasant side effects associated with heavy drinking (a "hangover": headache, nausea, and vomiting) are caused by an accumulation of:

What proportion of all cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with heavy drinking?

Habitual alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer, especially those of the mouth, esophagus, colon, liver, and breast

Which of the following would most likely be the enzyme involved in reactions metabolizing amylose?

Organic molecules derived from vitamins that act as helpers are called:

During light to moderate drinking, most alcohol (78%) is metabolized by which enzyme system?

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans state that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation This is defined as up to _____ drink(s) per day for women and men, respectively

The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is called glycogenesis

After years of heavy drinking, cirrhosis can damage the _____

Liver and _____ cells break down _____ into glucose

Joe admits to consuming alcohol almost daily Lately, of the 2500 kcal he consumes every day, nearly 850 come from alcohol Which of the following is most likely true of Joe's micronutrient intake?

Which pathways release energy through the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?

The Science of Nutrition

Nutritional Assessment and Dietary Planning

Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition

Carbohydrates

Protein

Lipids

Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation

Physical Activity and Health

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The Major Minerals and Water

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition

Filters

Liver and _ cells break down _ into glucose