Question 1

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanistic behaviorism. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  programmed instruction. 
A)  mechanistic behaviorism. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  programmed instruction.

Question 2

B.F.Skinner's techniques for programmed instruction involved all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a subject is broken down into a series of stepwise components that are presented sequentially. 
B)  the pupil receives immediate feedback as to whether a response is right or wrong. 
C)  incorrect responses are counted and used as the basis of a final score on the program. 
D)  the programs were administered mechanically in devices called teaching machines. 
A)  a subject is broken down into a series of stepwise components that are presented sequentially. 
B)  the pupil receives immediate feedback as to whether a response is right or wrong. 
C)  incorrect responses are counted and used as the basis of a final score on the program. 
D)  the programs were administered mechanically in devices called teaching machines.

Question 3

Match the definition with the term.
-programmed instruction

Accepted Answer

A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement 
A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement

Question 4

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a

Accepted Answer

A)  large total amount of "happiness" in society. 
B)  reduction in the control of behavior exerted by reinforcement contingencies. 
C)  great and exclusive emphasis on rewards. 
D)  great and undesirable emphasis on punishments. 
A)  large total amount of "happiness" in society. 
B)  reduction in the control of behavior exerted by reinforcement contingencies. 
C)  great and exclusive emphasis on rewards. 
D)  great and undesirable emphasis on punishments.

Question 5

Match the publication with its author.
-B.F.Skinner

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two 
A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two

Question 6

Following his dismissal from Johns Hopkins University,what became of John B.Watson?

Accepted Answer

A)  He became embittered and dropped all interest in psychology. 
B)  He found a job and continued teaching psychology in Mexico. 
C)  He went into practice as an early proponent of behaviorally oriented psychotherapy. 
D)  He went into advertising while writing about psychology on the side. 
A)  He became embittered and dropped all interest in psychology. 
B)  He found a job and continued teaching psychology in Mexico. 
C)  He went into practice as an early proponent of behaviorally oriented psychotherapy. 
D)  He went into advertising while writing about psychology on the side.

Question 7

What was Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to demonstrate the instinctive fears of a human infant 
B)  to show that human beings are not as conditionable as animals 
C)  to show that behavioristic methods could be used on humans as well as animals 
D)  to prove that he could produce a conditioned emotional fear response 
A)  to demonstrate the instinctive fears of a human infant 
B)  to show that human beings are not as conditionable as animals 
C)  to show that behavioristic methods could be used on humans as well as animals 
D)  to prove that he could produce a conditioned emotional fear response

Question 8

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because it

Accepted Answer

A)  was a properly objective general technique that he could apply to many other learning situations besides the salivary reflex. 
B)  explained a great deal about the nature of the brain. 
C)  showed the value of precise measurements in psychological experiments. 
D)  disproved the validity of Freudian concepts. 
A)  was a properly objective general technique that he could apply to many other learning situations besides the salivary reflex. 
B)  explained a great deal about the nature of the brain. 
C)  showed the value of precise measurements in psychological experiments. 
D)  disproved the validity of Freudian concepts.

Question 9

In his general temperament Ivan Pavlov was noted for being

Accepted Answer

A)  approachable and easygoing, making him a natural leader. 
B)  brilliant but erratic, prone to occasional mistakes. 
C)  absent-minded at home but meticulous and systematic in his laboratory. 
D)  dogged and persistent in all aspects of his life. 
A)  approachable and easygoing, making him a natural leader. 
B)  brilliant but erratic, prone to occasional mistakes. 
C)  absent-minded at home but meticulous and systematic in his laboratory. 
D)  dogged and persistent in all aspects of his life.

Question 10

Match the idea with the individual.
-B.F.Skinner

Accepted Answer

A) argued behavioral freedom is illusory and we should accept the inevitability of control,and deliberately design our environments to shape behavior to socially desirable ends 
B) argued parents should take control of their children's environments to ensure adaptive conditioned reflexes develop.Recommended that parents avoid hugs and kisses in favor of a firm handshake for a job well done 
C) argued that behaviorist theories of language were inadequate to account for the theoretical levels in which grammatical structure is represented 
D) attempted to account for various mental illnesses in terms of too much or too little excitation or inhibition,weakened cortical neurons,and other components of ex-perimental neuroses 
A) argued behavioral freedom is illusory and we should accept the inevitability of control,and deliberately design our environments to shape behavior to socially desirable ends 
B) argued parents should take control of their children's environments to ensure adaptive conditioned reflexes develop.Recommended that parents avoid hugs and kisses in favor of a firm handshake for a job well done 
C) argued that behaviorist theories of language were inadequate to account for the theoretical levels in which grammatical structure is represented 
D) attempted to account for various mental illnesses in terms of too much or too little excitation or inhibition,weakened cortical neurons,and other components of ex-perimental neuroses

Question 11

As an old and famous man,Pavlov gave what special piece of advice to the youth of his country?

Accepted Answer

A)  to be strictly systematic in their acquisition of knowledge 
B)  to follow their first impulses when pursuing a new subject 
C)  to try to find an appropriate mentor to guide them 
D)  to gain a strong background in mathematics 
A)  to be strictly systematic in their acquisition of knowledge 
B)  to follow their first impulses when pursuing a new subject 
C)  to try to find an appropriate mentor to guide them 
D)  to gain a strong background in mathematics

Question 12

Match the definition with the term.
-conditioned response (CR)

Accepted Answer

A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus 
A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

Match the publication with its author.
-John Broadus Watson

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two 
A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two

Question 14

As a boy and teenager,B.F.Skinner showed particular talent as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  an athlete and student politician 
B)  a writer and inventor of mechanical contraptions 
C)  a public speaker and debater 
D)  a birdwatcher and collector of insect specimen 
A)  an athlete and student politician 
B)  a writer and inventor of mechanical contraptions 
C)  a public speaker and debater 
D)  a birdwatcher and collector of insect specimen

Question 15

Match the definition with the term.
-conditioned reflex

Accepted Answer

A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning 
A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning

Question 16

Match the definition with the term.
-unconditioned response (UR)

Accepted Answer

A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus 
A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

Match the idea with the individual.
-Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Accepted Answer

A) argued behavioral freedom is illusory and we should accept the inevitability of control,and deliberately design our environments to shape behavior to socially desirable ends 
B) argued parents should take control of their children's environments to ensure adaptive conditioned reflexes develop.Recommended that parents avoid hugs and kisses in favor of a firm handshake for a job well done 
C) argued that behaviorist theories of language were inadequate to account for the theoretical levels in which grammatical structure is represented 
D) attempted to account for various mental illnesses in terms of too much or too little excitation or inhibition,weakened cortical neurons,and other components of ex-perimental neuroses 
A) argued behavioral freedom is illusory and we should accept the inevitability of control,and deliberately design our environments to shape behavior to socially desirable ends 
B) argued parents should take control of their children's environments to ensure adaptive conditioned reflexes develop.Recommended that parents avoid hugs and kisses in favor of a firm handshake for a job well done 
C) argued that behaviorist theories of language were inadequate to account for the theoretical levels in which grammatical structure is represented 
D) attempted to account for various mental illnesses in terms of too much or too little excitation or inhibition,weakened cortical neurons,and other components of ex-perimental neuroses

Question 18

The "Little Peter" experiment,conducted by __________,demonstrated that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson; conditioned fear of spiders could be produced in the laboratory 
B)  Rosalie Rayner; affection could be used to overcome conditioned fear 
C)  Karl Lashley; unconditioned salivary responses could be eliminated 
D)  Mary Cover Jones; conditioned fear of rabbits could be deconditioned 
A)  John B. Watson; conditioned fear of spiders could be produced in the laboratory 
B)  Rosalie Rayner; affection could be used to overcome conditioned fear 
C)  Karl Lashley; unconditioned salivary responses could be eliminated 
D)  Mary Cover Jones; conditioned fear of rabbits could be deconditioned

Question 19

Match the definition with the term.
-variable-ratio reinforcement schedule

Accepted Answer

A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time 
A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time

Question 20

Match the definition with the term.
-higher-order conditioning

Accepted Answer

A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning 
A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of

B.F.Skinner's techniques for programmed instruction involved all of the following EXCEPT

Match the definition with the term. -programmed instruction

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a

Match the publication with its author. -B.F.Skinner

Following his dismissal from Johns Hopkins University,what became of John B.Watson?

What was Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment?

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because it

In his general temperament Ivan Pavlov was noted for being

Match the idea with the individual. -B.F.Skinner

As an old and famous man,Pavlov gave what special piece of advice to the youth of his country?

Match the definition with the term. -conditioned response (CR)

Match the publication with its author. -John Broadus Watson

As a boy and teenager,B.F.Skinner showed particular talent as what?

Match the definition with the term. -conditioned reflex

Match the definition with the term. -unconditioned response (UR)

Match the idea with the individual. -Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

The "Little Peter" experiment,conducted by ,demonstrated that .

Match the definition with the term. -variable-ratio reinforcement schedule

Match the definition with the term. -higher-order conditioning

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 10: Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of

B.F.Skinner's techniques for programmed instruction involved all of the following EXCEPT

Match the definition with the term. -programmed instruction

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a

Match the publication with its author. -B.F.Skinner

Following his dismissal from Johns Hopkins University,what became of John B.Watson?

What was Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment?

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because it

In his general temperament Ivan Pavlov was noted for being

Match the idea with the individual. -B.F.Skinner

As an old and famous man,Pavlov gave what special piece of advice to the youth of his country?

Match the definition with the term. -conditioned response (CR)

Match the publication with its author. -John Broadus Watson

As a boy and teenager,B.F.Skinner showed particular talent as what?

Match the definition with the term. -conditioned reflex

Match the definition with the term. -unconditioned response (UR)

Match the idea with the individual. -Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

The "Little Peter" experiment,conducted by __________,demonstrated that __________.

Match the definition with the term. -variable-ratio reinforcement schedule

Match the definition with the term. -higher-order conditioning

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

The "Little Peter" experiment,conducted by ,demonstrated that .