Question 1

Match the achievement with the philosopher.
-Leibniz

Accepted Answer

A) developed analytic geometry 
B) developed infinitesimal calculus 
C) served as physician to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper 
A) developed analytic geometry 
B) developed infinitesimal calculus 
C) served as physician to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper B

Question 2

Match the description with the appropriate element of Leibniz's theory of monads.
-sentient monads

Accepted Answer

A) form material objects when clustered together 
B) controls and contains the entirety of the universe 
C) possess capacity for simple perception 
D) the soul or mind of human beings 
A) form material objects when clustered together 
B) controls and contains the entirety of the universe 
C) possess capacity for simple perception 
D) the soul or mind of human beings C

Question 3

According to Descartes,in what sense are nonhuman animals and human beings similar and different?

Accepted Answer

All animal bodies,including human bodies,could be explained mechanistically in terms similar to but more complicated than mechanical statues.All nonhuman animals could be fully understood in these mechanistic terms.In the case of human beings,only the body could be explained in mechanical terms,the human soul or mind could not.Descartes understood the human mind and body as separate but interacting entities,a position known as interactive dualism.

Question 4

In Descartes's theory of the reflex mechanism,stimuli are transmitted to the brain by means of __________,and responses are initiated by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  columns of "light" particles; the dispersion of heat to the proper muscle 
B)  hydraulic pressure in a sensory nerve; hydraulic pressure in a motor nerve 
C)  tugs and pulls on filaments through nerves; the flow of animal spirits through the nerves and into the muscles 
D)  hydraulic pressure in the fluid within the nerve; tugs on the filaments within the nerves, connected to the muscles 
A)  columns of "light" particles; the dispersion of heat to the proper muscle 
B)  hydraulic pressure in a sensory nerve; hydraulic pressure in a motor nerve 
C)  tugs and pulls on filaments through nerves; the flow of animal spirits through the nerves and into the muscles 
D)  hydraulic pressure in the fluid within the nerve; tugs on the filaments within the nerves, connected to the muscles

Question 5

Since Descartes's time,research has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  his theory of the body's mechanism was prophetically right in most respects. 
B)  his mechanistic theories were almost completely nonsense. 
C)  his theory of bodily mechanism was wrong in details but highly productive in its general implications. 
D)  the body and mind do interact in the middle of the brain. 
A)  his theory of the body's mechanism was prophetically right in most respects. 
B)  his mechanistic theories were almost completely nonsense. 
C)  his theory of bodily mechanism was wrong in details but highly productive in its general implications. 
D)  the body and mind do interact in the middle of the brain.

Question 6

Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses," with the exception of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  the emotions 
B)  the mind itself 
C)  the bare monads 
D)  imagination 
A)  the emotions 
B)  the mind itself 
C)  the bare monads 
D)  imagination

Question 7

Describe how the theories of mind of Locke and Leibniz are similar and different.

Accepted Answer

According to Locke,the mind is a blank s

Question 8

When Gottfried Leibniz first read John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding,what was his reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was impressed but felt that Locke's empiricism went too far. 
B)  He was impressed but felt that Locke's rationalism went too far. 
C)  He was disdainful and felt that Locke's reputation was greatly overrated. 
D)  He saw Locke as a natural ally and began a fruitful correspondence with him. 
A)  He was impressed but felt that Locke's empiricism went too far. 
B)  He was impressed but felt that Locke's rationalism went too far. 
C)  He was disdainful and felt that Locke's reputation was greatly overrated. 
D)  He saw Locke as a natural ally and began a fruitful correspondence with him.

Question 9

For Locke,the primary qualities of objects

Accepted Answer

A)  truly exist within the objects themselves. 
B)  are imposed on objects by our senses. 
C)  are contrary to Descartes's "simple natures." 
D)  are the foundation of complex ideas. 
A)  truly exist within the objects themselves. 
B)  are imposed on objects by our senses. 
C)  are contrary to Descartes's "simple natures." 
D)  are the foundation of complex ideas.

Question 10

Locke's initial purpose in writing his Essay Concerning Human Understanding was to discover

Accepted Answer

A)  how to evaluate differing religious doctrines. 
B)  what kind of correct knowledge the human mind was and was not capable of acquiring. 
C)  what kind of governmental system would produce the greatest general welfare. 
D)  what philosophical system was best supported by the new scientific research. 
A)  how to evaluate differing religious doctrines. 
B)  what kind of correct knowledge the human mind was and was not capable of acquiring. 
C)  what kind of governmental system would produce the greatest general welfare. 
D)  what philosophical system was best supported by the new scientific research.

Question 11

Descartes believed that the

Accepted Answer

A)  body usually dominates the mind. 
B)  mind usually dominates the body. 
C)  body really is the mind. 
D)  body and mind interact and mutually influence each other, with neither always dominating. 
A)  body usually dominates the mind. 
B)  mind usually dominates the body. 
C)  body really is the mind. 
D)  body and mind interact and mutually influence each other, with neither always dominating.

Question 12

Match the female correspondent with the philosopher.
-Leibniz

Accepted Answer

A) Lady Damaris Cudworth Masham 
B) Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia 
C) Sophie the Countess Palatine and Sophie Charlotte 
A) Lady Damaris Cudworth Masham 
B) Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia 
C) Sophie the Countess Palatine and Sophie Charlotte

Question 13

Locke withheld publication of Two Treatises of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding for many years primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  he was unable prove his hypotheses. 
B)  he felt it would be politically dangerous to publish them. 
C)  the Whig party did not support his ideas. 
D)  his employer Shaftesbury did not agree with them. 
A)  he was unable prove his hypotheses. 
B)  he felt it would be politically dangerous to publish them. 
C)  the Whig party did not support his ideas. 
D)  his employer Shaftesbury did not agree with them.

Question 14

Which two important mathematical discoveries were made by Leibniz as a young man in Paris?

Accepted Answer

A)  binary arithmetic and the infinitesimal calculus 
B)  analytic geometry and the infinitesimal calculus 
C)  symbolic logic and functional trigonometry 
D)  binary arithmetic and analytic geometry 
A)  binary arithmetic and the infinitesimal calculus 
B)  analytic geometry and the infinitesimal calculus 
C)  symbolic logic and functional trigonometry 
D)  binary arithmetic and analytic geometry

Question 15

Match the achievement with the philosopher.
-Descartes

Accepted Answer

A) developed analytic geometry 
B) developed infinitesimal calculus 
C) served as physician to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper 
A) developed analytic geometry 
B) developed infinitesimal calculus 
C) served as physician to Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper

Question 16

Leibniz referred to the rules of arithmetic,the geometrical axioms,and the rules of logic as examples of what he called

Accepted Answer

A)  necessary truths. 
B)  rational monads. 
C)  primary qualities. 
D)  innate ideas. 
A)  necessary truths. 
B)  rational monads. 
C)  primary qualities. 
D)  innate ideas.

Question 17

Match the philosopher with the term with which he is associated.
-pantheism

Accepted Answer

A) Benedict Spinoza 
B) George Berkeley 
C) René Descartes 
D) Thomas Hobbes 
A) Benedict Spinoza 
B) George Berkeley 
C) René Descartes 
D) Thomas Hobbes

Question 18

Locke suggested a __________ as a metaphor for the human mind at birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  tabula rasa or blank slate 
B)  mechanical statue 
C)  veined slab of marble 
D)  mechanical calculating machine 
A)  tabula rasa or blank slate 
B)  mechanical statue 
C)  veined slab of marble 
D)  mechanical calculating machine

Question 19

William Molyneux described a hypothetical case of man blind from birth who had learned to distinguish a ball from a cube by the sense of touch.He then posed the question: If suddenly granted vision,would the man be able to tell these two objects apart without touching them? Describe Locke's response to this question and his rationale for his answer.

Accepted Answer

Locke responded no,the man would not be

Question 20

Match the description with the appropriate element of Descartes's philosophy.
-simple natures

Accepted Answer

A) clear yellowish fluid that fills the brain cavities 
B) conscious awareness of one's emotions 
C) ideas that derive from the nature of the thinking soul itself 
D) properties of physical phenomena that could not be analyzed or doubted 
A) clear yellowish fluid that fills the brain cavities 
B) conscious awareness of one's emotions 
C) ideas that derive from the nature of the thinking soul itself 
D) properties of physical phenomena that could not be analyzed or doubted

Match the achievement with the philosopher. -Leibniz

Match the description with the appropriate element of Leibniz's theory of monads. -sentient monads

According to Descartes,in what sense are nonhuman animals and human beings similar and different?

In Descartes's theory of the reflex mechanism,stimuli are transmitted to the brain by means of ,and responses are initiated by .

Since Descartes's time,research has shown that

Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses," with the exception of what?

Describe how the theories of mind of Locke and Leibniz are similar and different.

When Gottfried Leibniz first read John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding,what was his reaction?

For Locke,the primary qualities of objects

Locke's initial purpose in writing his Essay Concerning Human Understanding was to discover

Descartes believed that the

Match the female correspondent with the philosopher. -Leibniz

Locke withheld publication of Two Treatises of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding for many years primarily because

Which two important mathematical discoveries were made by Leibniz as a young man in Paris?

Match the achievement with the philosopher. -Descartes

Leibniz referred to the rules of arithmetic,the geometrical axioms,and the rules of logic as examples of what he called

Match the philosopher with the term with which he is associated. -pantheism

Locke suggested a __________ as a metaphor for the human mind at birth.

Match the description with the appropriate element of Descartes's philosophy. -simple natures

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 3: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Match the achievement with the philosopher. -Leibniz

Match the description with the appropriate element of Leibniz's theory of monads. -sentient monads

According to Descartes,in what sense are nonhuman animals and human beings similar and different?

In Descartes's theory of the reflex mechanism,stimuli are transmitted to the brain by means of __________,and responses are initiated by __________.

Since Descartes's time,research has shown that

Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses," with the exception of what?

Describe how the theories of mind of Locke and Leibniz are similar and different.

When Gottfried Leibniz first read John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding,what was his reaction?

For Locke,the primary qualities of objects

Locke's initial purpose in writing his Essay Concerning Human Understanding was to discover

Descartes believed that the

Match the female correspondent with the philosopher. -Leibniz

Locke withheld publication of Two Treatises of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding for many years primarily because

Which two important mathematical discoveries were made by Leibniz as a young man in Paris?

Match the achievement with the philosopher. -Descartes

Leibniz referred to the rules of arithmetic,the geometrical axioms,and the rules of logic as examples of what he called

Match the philosopher with the term with which he is associated. -pantheism

Locke suggested a __________ as a metaphor for the human mind at birth.

Match the description with the appropriate element of Descartes's philosophy. -simple natures

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

In Descartes's theory of the reflex mechanism,stimuli are transmitted to the brain by means of ,and responses are initiated by .