Question 1

For what purpose did B.F.Skinner invent his "Heir Conditioner" or "Aircrib?"

Accepted Answer

A)  to positively reinforce a child's successful attempts to walk 
B)  to negatively reinforce a child's mistakes in toilet training 
C)  to minimize the annoyance produced by an angry or crying child 
D)  to provide a safe and comfortable environment for infants 
A)  to positively reinforce a child's successful attempts to walk 
B)  to negatively reinforce a child's mistakes in toilet training 
C)  to minimize the annoyance produced by an angry or crying child 
D)  to provide a safe and comfortable environment for infants D

Question 2

Match the definition with the term.
-systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement 
A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement B

Question 3

A conditioned reflex is established in a dog,where the conditioned stimulus is a tone of 400 cycles per second,and the unconditioned stimulus is a splash of dilute acid in its mouth.When,on a test trial,the dog is presented with a tone of 500 cycles per second,what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned salivary response, somewhat reduced in magnitude 
B)  a conditioned salivary response somewhat enhanced in magnitude 
C)  little or no conditioned salivary response 
D)  frantic attempts by the dog to escape from the situation 
A)  a conditioned salivary response, somewhat reduced in magnitude 
B)  a conditioned salivary response somewhat enhanced in magnitude 
C)  little or no conditioned salivary response 
D)  frantic attempts by the dog to escape from the situation A

Question 4

What was a prominent feature of Clark Hull's mechanistic behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  its attempt to conceptualize learning in mathematical equations 
B)  its demonstration of the importance of latent learning 
C)  its implications for the understanding of language and verbal behavior 
D)  its dramatic observations of cats in escape boxes 
A)  its attempt to conceptualize learning in mathematical equations 
B)  its demonstration of the importance of latent learning 
C)  its implications for the understanding of language and verbal behavior 
D)  its dramatic observations of cats in escape boxes

Question 5

Match the definition with the term.
-negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not 
A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not

Question 6

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an ultraviolet light sometimes used as a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a technique to ensure his surgical operations were performed antiseptically. 
C)  the neural mechanism causing muscular tremors in some experimental neuroses. 
D)  a wave spreading excitation or inhibition over the surface of the brain. 
A)  an ultraviolet light sometimes used as a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a technique to ensure his surgical operations were performed antiseptically. 
C)  the neural mechanism causing muscular tremors in some experimental neuroses. 
D)  a wave spreading excitation or inhibition over the surface of the brain.

Question 7

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on what grounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was insufficiently objective and behavioristic. 
B)  It could not account for non-European language development. 
C)  It did not take into account grammatical structures that are innate and uniquely human. 
D)  It focused excessively on positive as opposed to negative reinforcement. 
A)  It was insufficiently objective and behavioristic. 
B)  It could not account for non-European language development. 
C)  It did not take into account grammatical structures that are innate and uniquely human. 
D)  It focused excessively on positive as opposed to negative reinforcement.

Question 8

Match the definition with the term.
-radical environmentalism

Accepted Answer

A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior 
A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior

Question 9

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory.
-mechanistic behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Clark Hull 
C) Edward Chace Tolman 
D) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 
E) John Broadus Watson 
A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Clark Hull 
C) Edward Chace Tolman 
D) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 
E) John Broadus Watson

Question 10

The record of responses made by an animal in a Skinner box is referred to as its

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral inventory. 
B)  response tracing. 
C)  psychogram. 
D)  cumulative record. 
A)  behavioral inventory. 
B)  response tracing. 
C)  psychogram. 
D)  cumulative record.

Question 11

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval reinforcement. 
B)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
C)  sudden withdrawal of reinforcement. 
D)  secondary reinforcement. 
A)  fixed interval reinforcement. 
B)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
C)  sudden withdrawal of reinforcement. 
D)  secondary reinforcement.

Question 12

Match the definition with the term.
-contingencies of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not 
A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not

Question 13

Match the publication with its author.
-Noam Chomsky

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two 
A) Psychological Care of Infant and Child 
B) Syntactic Structures 
C) Walden Two

Question 14

In recent years the actual identity of Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" subject has been

Accepted Answer

A)  revealed as a congenitally ill child who died shortly after the experiment. 
B)  revealed as a person who grew up to be a child psychiatrist. 
C)  the subject of a disagreement among historians. 
D)  proven to be a combination of three different infants that they tested. 
A)  revealed as a congenitally ill child who died shortly after the experiment. 
B)  revealed as a person who grew up to be a child psychiatrist. 
C)  the subject of a disagreement among historians. 
D)  proven to be a combination of three different infants that they tested.

Question 15

Match the definition with the term.
-differentiation

Accepted Answer

A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning 
A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning

Question 16

Match the definition with the term.
-generalization

Accepted Answer

A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning 
A) new stimulus-response connections formed through classical conditioning 
B) occurs when a conditioned response is first established to one stimulus,which then goes on to serve as the unconditioned stimulus in a further series of pairings with another conditioned stimulus 
C) occurs when dissimilar stimuli are presented repeatedly but only one is reinforced by a succeeding unconditioned stimulus 
D) the elicitation of a newly formed stimulus-response connection by a similar,but not identical,stimulus 
E) the innate and automatic reaction that must exist prior to any conditioning or learning

Question 17

Match the definition with the term.
-unconditioned stimulus (US)

Accepted Answer

A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus 
A) a neutral stimulus that acquires the property of eliciting a response 
B) a response that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus 
C) a stimulus that causes an automatic reaction 
D) the automatic response to an unconditioned stimulus

Question 18

What eventually became of John B.Watson's two sons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both went on to successful careers and to become strong supporters of their father's educational theories. 
B)  Both went on to successful careers but were also subject to depression, leading to the suicide of one of them. 
C)  One became a well-known entertainer while the other died in young adulthood. 
D)  One became an artist and the other an educational psychologist. 
A)  Both went on to successful careers and to become strong supporters of their father's educational theories. 
B)  Both went on to successful careers but were also subject to depression, leading to the suicide of one of them. 
C)  One became a well-known entertainer while the other died in young adulthood. 
D)  One became an artist and the other an educational psychologist.

Question 19

Why was Pavlov initially reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  He lacked the proper kinds of laboratory apparatus. 
B)  He thought the variables could not be sufficiently well controlled. 
C)  He was more interested in active, instrumental behaviors than in passive responses such as salivation. 
D)  He was afraid of being associated with psychology, which he regarded as a scientifically disreputable subject. 
A)  He lacked the proper kinds of laboratory apparatus. 
B)  He thought the variables could not be sufficiently well controlled. 
C)  He was more interested in active, instrumental behaviors than in passive responses such as salivation. 
D)  He was afraid of being associated with psychology, which he regarded as a scientifically disreputable subject.

Question 20

Match the definition with the term.
-operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior 
A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior

For what purpose did B.F.Skinner invent his "Heir Conditioner" or "Aircrib?"

Match the definition with the term. -systematic desensitization

A conditioned reflex is established in a dog,where the conditioned stimulus is a tone of 400 cycles per second,and the unconditioned stimulus is a splash of dilute acid in its mouth.When,on a test trial,the dog is presented with a tone of 500 cycles per second,what is the most likely result?

What was a prominent feature of Clark Hull's mechanistic behaviorism?

Match the definition with the term. -negative reinforcement

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on what grounds?

Match the definition with the term. -radical environmentalism

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory. -mechanistic behaviorism

The record of responses made by an animal in a Skinner box is referred to as its

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by

Match the definition with the term. -contingencies of reinforcement

Match the publication with its author. -Noam Chomsky

In recent years the actual identity of Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" subject has been

Match the definition with the term. -differentiation

Match the definition with the term. -generalization

Match the definition with the term. -unconditioned stimulus (US)

What eventually became of John B.Watson's two sons?

Why was Pavlov initially reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs?

Match the definition with the term. -operant conditioning

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 10: Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

For what purpose did B.F.Skinner invent his "Heir Conditioner" or "Aircrib?"

Match the definition with the term. -systematic desensitization

A conditioned reflex is established in a dog,where the conditioned stimulus is a tone of 400 cycles per second,and the unconditioned stimulus is a splash of dilute acid in its mouth.When,on a test trial,the dog is presented with a tone of 500 cycles per second,what is the most likely result?

What was a prominent feature of Clark Hull's mechanistic behaviorism?

Match the definition with the term. -negative reinforcement

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on what grounds?

Match the definition with the term. -radical environmentalism

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory. -mechanistic behaviorism

The record of responses made by an animal in a Skinner box is referred to as its

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by

Match the definition with the term. -contingencies of reinforcement

Match the publication with its author. -Noam Chomsky

In recent years the actual identity of Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" subject has been

Match the definition with the term. -differentiation

Match the definition with the term. -generalization

Match the definition with the term. -unconditioned stimulus (US)

What eventually became of John B.Watson's two sons?

Why was Pavlov initially reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs?

Match the definition with the term. -operant conditioning

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters