Question 1

Which of the following did Watson advise against for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  repairing doors so they won't bang unnecessarily 
B)  dressing infants in loose clothing 
C)  responding to children's mishaps with physical affection 
D)  rewarding good behavior with handshakes or pats on the head 
A)  repairing doors so they won't bang unnecessarily 
B)  dressing infants in loose clothing 
C)  responding to children's mishaps with physical affection 
D)  rewarding good behavior with handshakes or pats on the head

Question 2

Pavlov's consideration of the phenomena of generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning is the result of excitatory processes in different specific locations in the brain. 
B)  Learning is the result of separate excitatory and inhibitory processes that may interact in specific locations in the brain. 
C)  Learning and memory must take place in just a very small part of the brain. 
D)  Physiological explanations of learned behavior would have to be supported by purely psychological explanations and interpretations as well. 
A)  Learning is the result of excitatory processes in different specific locations in the brain. 
B)  Learning is the result of separate excitatory and inhibitory processes that may interact in specific locations in the brain. 
C)  Learning and memory must take place in just a very small part of the brain. 
D)  Physiological explanations of learned behavior would have to be supported by purely psychological explanations and interpretations as well.

Question 3

Define variable-ratio reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

One of four main types of reinforcement

Question 4

Match the definition with the term.
-variable-interval reinforcement schedule

Accepted Answer

A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time 
A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time

Question 5

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a tone immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings.Then the tone is sounded alone,and the dog salivates.In such an experiment,the food is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 6

When new workers arrived in Pavlov's laboratory,what were usually their first assignments?

Accepted Answer

A)  to thoroughly read all of the previous publications produced by the lab 
B)  to assist a senior worker on one of the newest experiments 
C)  to suggest original ideas for new experiments 
D)  to replicate some of the experiments previously conducted in the lab 
A)  to thoroughly read all of the previous publications produced by the lab 
B)  to assist a senior worker on one of the newest experiments 
C)  to suggest original ideas for new experiments 
D)  to replicate some of the experiments previously conducted in the lab

Question 7

Match the definition with the term.
-positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not 
A) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by a reward 
B) a response contingency in which the probability of a response is increased when it is followed by the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus 
C) the specific conditions under which responses are reinforced or not

Question 8

Define experimental neuroses.

Accepted Answer

A dramatic behavioral change that occurr

Question 9

Pavlov's career was strongly affected by his particular experiences in what country?

Accepted Answer

A)  United States 
B)  Germany 
C)  England 
D)  Russia (Soviet Union) 
A)  United States 
B)  Germany 
C)  England 
D)  Russia (Soviet Union)

Question 10

For what did Ivan Pavlov win the Nobel Prize?

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic studies of the physiology of digestion 
B)  systematic studies of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes 
C)  application of conditioning principles to human psychiatric disorders 
D)  new discoveries about the anatomy of the brain 
A)  systematic studies of the physiology of digestion 
B)  systematic studies of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes 
C)  application of conditioning principles to human psychiatric disorders 
D)  new discoveries about the anatomy of the brain

Question 11

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory.
-purposive behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Clark Hull 
C) Edward Chace Tolman 
D) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 
E) John Broadus Watson 
A) B.F.Skinner 
B) Clark Hull 
C) Edward Chace Tolman 
D) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov 
E) John Broadus Watson

Question 12

Match the definition with the term.
-purposive behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior 
A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior

Question 13

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a

Accepted Answer

A)  professional writer. 
B)  lawyer. 
C)  neurologist. 
D)  psychoanalyst. 
A)  professional writer. 
B)  lawyer. 
C)  neurologist. 
D)  psychoanalyst.

Question 14

How did Pavlov and his workers produce "experimental neurosis" in dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  forcing them to confront differentiation situations they could not solve 
B)  suddenly withholding the unconditioned stimuli after many previous regular pairings with the conditioned stimuli 
C)  using electric shocks as unconditioned stimuli 
D)  feeding them at irregular intervals 
A)  forcing them to confront differentiation situations they could not solve 
B)  suddenly withholding the unconditioned stimuli after many previous regular pairings with the conditioned stimuli 
C)  using electric shocks as unconditioned stimuli 
D)  feeding them at irregular intervals

Question 15

Match the definition with the term.
-latent learning

Accepted Answer

A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement 
A) a contemporary discipline comprising experimental,applied,and philosophical branches that use Skinner's ideas 
B) a technique in which a pleasant stimulus is presented at the same time as a fear-evoking stimulus with the hope that over repeated exposures,the fearful response will be eliminated 
C) an educational technique that breaks down complicated subjects into simple com-ponents that can be presented in order of increasing difficulty 
D) learning that occurs incidentally and without immediate reinforcement

Question 16

Who was a famous professor of John B.Watson's at Chicago,whose childrearing theories he came to disagree with strongly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  Jacques Loeb 
C)  John Dewey 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt 
A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  Jacques Loeb 
C)  John Dewey 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt

Question 17

Match the definition with the term.
-mechanistic behaviorism

Accepted Answer

A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior 
A) active learning process in which organisms act on their environments and encoun-ter various consequences for their actions 
B) stresses the idea that all behavior is goal directed 
C) stresses the idea that learning can be conceptualized in terms of mathematical laws that specify relationships among a host of variables 
D) the process by which conditioned reflexes are acquired 
E) the view that environmental factors have overwhelmingly greater importance than heredity or physical constitution in determining behavior

Question 18

Match the definition with the term.
-fixed-interval reinforcement schedule

Accepted Answer

A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time 
A) an operant conditioning schedule in which only the first response after the pas-sage of some specified period of time is reinforced 
B) an operant conditioning schedule in which reinforcement occurs after randomly varying numbers of responses have been made 
C) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced only after a preset number of responses have been made 
D) an operant conditioning schedule in which responses are reinforced after random-ly varying intervals of time

Question 19

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into

Accepted Answer

A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  partial reinforcers. 
C)  primary reinforcers. 
D)  secondary reinforcers. 
A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  partial reinforcers. 
C)  primary reinforcers. 
D)  secondary reinforcers.

Question 20

Match the study with the individual by whom it was conducted.
-Mary Cover Jones

Accepted Answer

A) study of maze learning in which rats were allowed to roam freely and rewards for successful navigation were only introduced on the eleventh day 
B) the Little Albert study of conditioned emotional reactions 
C) the Little Peter study of the elimination of fear through conditioning 
A) study of maze learning in which rats were allowed to roam freely and rewards for successful navigation were only introduced on the eleventh day 
B) the Little Albert study of conditioned emotional reactions 
C) the Little Peter study of the elimination of fear through conditioning

Which of the following did Watson advise against for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Pavlov's consideration of the phenomena of generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude what?

Define variable-ratio reinforcement schedule.

Match the definition with the term. -variable-interval reinforcement schedule

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a tone immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings.Then the tone is sounded alone,and the dog salivates.In such an experiment,the food is called the __________.

When new workers arrived in Pavlov's laboratory,what were usually their first assignments?

Match the definition with the term. -positive reinforcement

Define experimental neuroses.

Pavlov's career was strongly affected by his particular experiences in what country?

For what did Ivan Pavlov win the Nobel Prize?

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory. -purposive behaviorism

Match the definition with the term. -purposive behaviorism

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a

How did Pavlov and his workers produce "experimental neurosis" in dogs?

Match the definition with the term. -latent learning

Who was a famous professor of John B.Watson's at Chicago,whose childrearing theories he came to disagree with strongly?

Match the definition with the term. -mechanistic behaviorism

Match the definition with the term. -fixed-interval reinforcement schedule

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into

Match the study with the individual by whom it was conducted. -Mary Cover Jones

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 10: Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Which of the following did Watson advise against for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Pavlov's consideration of the phenomena of generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude what?

Define variable-ratio reinforcement schedule.

Match the definition with the term. -variable-interval reinforcement schedule

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a tone immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings.Then the tone is sounded alone,and the dog salivates.In such an experiment,the food is called the __________.

When new workers arrived in Pavlov's laboratory,what were usually their first assignments?

Match the definition with the term. -positive reinforcement

Define experimental neuroses.

Pavlov's career was strongly affected by his particular experiences in what country?

For what did Ivan Pavlov win the Nobel Prize?

Match the figure with the term associated with his theory. -purposive behaviorism

Match the definition with the term. -purposive behaviorism

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a

How did Pavlov and his workers produce "experimental neurosis" in dogs?

Match the definition with the term. -latent learning

Who was a famous professor of John B.Watson's at Chicago,whose childrearing theories he came to disagree with strongly?

Match the definition with the term. -mechanistic behaviorism

Match the definition with the term. -fixed-interval reinforcement schedule

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into

Match the study with the individual by whom it was conducted. -Mary Cover Jones

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters