Question 1

The figure below shows the growth curves of two populations of Paramecium,P.aurelia and P.caudatum.From the data,we can conclude that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ecological niches of the two species are very different 
B)  P. aurelia is a predator of P. caudatum 
C)  P. aurelia and P. caudatum have a mutualistic relationship 
D)  P. aurelia is the superior competitor in this habitat 
A)  the ecological niches of the two species are very different 
B)  P. aurelia is a predator of P. caudatum 
C)  P. aurelia and P. caudatum have a mutualistic relationship 
D)  P. aurelia is the superior competitor in this habitat

Question 2

The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  catalog species 
B)  maximize the land set aside for wildlife 
C)  integrate human culture back into nature 
D)  counter the loss of biodiversity 
A)  catalog species 
B)  maximize the land set aside for wildlife 
C)  integrate human culture back into nature 
D)  counter the loss of biodiversity

Question 3

Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.

Accepted Answer

A)  hot spot 
B)  exotic 
C)  keystone 
D)  endemic 
A)  hot spot 
B)  exotic 
C)  keystone 
D)  endemic

Question 4

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
  
-In the ecosystem shown above,a toxin that accumulates in body tissues would have the largest effect on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  corals that obtain their food from photosynthesizing dinoflagellates 
B)  herbivorous shrimp 
C)  fish that eat shrimp and other invertebrates 
D)  The toxin would affect all of these equally. 
A)  corals that obtain their food from photosynthesizing dinoflagellates 
B)  herbivorous shrimp 
C)  fish that eat shrimp and other invertebrates 
D)  The toxin would affect all of these equally.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
In East Java, Indonesia, a mud volcano has been erupting since 2006. One controversial hypothesis is that the mud volcano in East Java is erupting because a gas mining company was drilling a deep hole nearby. When a mud volcano erupts, hot water deep below the earth's surface mixes with various minerals, and this mud spews out over the surface of the earth. The hot mud flow destroys organismal habitats, including the homes and livelihoods of people.
-When the mud volcano stops erupting,the disturbed area will be colonized by a variety of species.This process of colonization is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological magnification 
B)  species diversity 
C)  ecological succession 
D)  disturbance 
A)  biological magnification 
B)  species diversity 
C)  ecological succession 
D)  disturbance

Question 6

In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion,the antelope is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both an herbivore and a secondary consumer 
B)  both a producer and a primary consumer 
C)  both an herbivore and a primary consumer 
D)  a secondary consumer only 
A)  both an herbivore and a secondary consumer 
B)  both a producer and a primary consumer 
C)  both an herbivore and a primary consumer 
D)  a secondary consumer only

Question 7

Small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary consumers 
B)  producers 
C)  tertiary consumers 
D)  secondary consumers 
A)  primary consumers 
B)  producers 
C)  tertiary consumers 
D)  secondary consumers

Question 8

A movement corridor ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitats 
B)  is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range 
C)  connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species 
D)  is a natural component of the environment 
A)  is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitats 
B)  is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range 
C)  connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species 
D)  is a natural component of the environment

Question 9

An example of a mutualism,or +/+ relationship,is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between corals and unicellular algae 
B)  cryptic coloration in frogs 
C)  herbivory 
D)  the relationship between Virginia's warblers and orange-crowned warblers, which use some of the same resources 
A)  the relationship between corals and unicellular algae 
B)  cryptic coloration in frogs 
C)  herbivory 
D)  the relationship between Virginia's warblers and orange-crowned warblers, which use some of the same resources

Question 10

Bears eat berries,humans,and large fish; large fish eat smaller fish and insects; humans eat bears,large fish,and berries; Venus flytraps eat insects.The scenario described here is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an ecosystem 
B)  parasitism 
C)  a food web 
D)  a food chain 
A)  an ecosystem 
B)  parasitism 
C)  a food web 
D)  a food chain

Question 11

What is the estimated annual value of ecosystem services?

Accepted Answer

A)  $1 billion 
B)  $33 trillion 
C)  $33 billion 
D)  $1 trillion 
A)  $1 billion 
B)  $33 trillion 
C)  $33 billion 
D)  $1 trillion

Question 12

The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat destruction and fragmentation 
B)  invasive species 
C)  overexploitation 
D)  pollution 
A)  habitat destruction and fragmentation 
B)  invasive species 
C)  overexploitation 
D)  pollution

Question 13

In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion,the human is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary consumer 
B)  secondary consumer 
C)  primary consumer 
D)  producer 
A)  tertiary consumer 
B)  secondary consumer 
C)  primary consumer 
D)  producer

Question 14

With regard to nutrient pollution in aquatic ecosystems,when is the worst time to apply fertilizer to your lawn?

Accepted Answer

A)  when it is raining, or is about to rain 
B)  when it is cold, or is about to get cold 
C)  at the same time you apply pesticides 
D)  at night 
A)  when it is raining, or is about to rain 
B)  when it is cold, or is about to get cold 
C)  at the same time you apply pesticides 
D)  at night

Question 15

The present rate of species loss ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century 
B)  is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years 
C)  is as much as 100 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years 
D)  is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts 
A)  suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century 
B)  is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years 
C)  is as much as 100 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years 
D)  is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
In East Java, Indonesia, a mud volcano has been erupting since 2006. One controversial hypothesis is that the mud volcano in East Java is erupting because a gas mining company was drilling a deep hole nearby. When a mud volcano erupts, hot water deep below the earth's surface mixes with various minerals, and this mud spews out over the surface of the earth. The hot mud flow destroys organismal habitats, including the homes and livelihoods of people.
-When the mud volcano stops erupting,colonization of the disturbed area would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary succession if there is no biomass inside the area 
B)  primary succession if primary production relies on plants that survived the disturbance 
C)  secondary succession if there are no biotic components of the carbon cycle 
D)  secondary succession if there is no organic matter in the area 
A)  primary succession if there is no biomass inside the area 
B)  primary succession if primary production relies on plants that survived the disturbance 
C)  secondary succession if there are no biotic components of the carbon cycle 
D)  secondary succession if there is no organic matter in the area

Question 17

Why are most food chains limited to three to five trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher the trophic level, the larger the organism; the larger the organism, the less likely it will be prey. 
B)  The nutritional quality of existing biomass decreases with increasing trophic level. 
C)  Most ecosystems have insufficient space to support the increased number of organisms that more trophic levels would require. 
D)  There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels. 
A)  The higher the trophic level, the larger the organism; the larger the organism, the less likely it will be prey. 
B)  The nutritional quality of existing biomass decreases with increasing trophic level. 
C)  Most ecosystems have insufficient space to support the increased number of organisms that more trophic levels would require. 
D)  There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels.

Question 18

Sustainable development ________. I)will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle
II)must be achieved if the human species is to survive
III)will require global,multinational cooperation

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 19

One problem with eradicating invasive species is that sometimes the disturbed area is unable to be colonized by native species.For example,in forests where the invasive plant garlic mustard has been removed,native plants and animals do not recolonize because they are extinct in that patch of forest.How should restoration ecologists increase species diversity and recover ecosystem function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduce tertiary consumers. 
B)  Develop movement corridors for primary producers. 
C)  Develop movement corridors for species with similar niches. 
D)  Eliminate keystone species. 
A)  Introduce tertiary consumers. 
B)  Develop movement corridors for primary producers. 
C)  Develop movement corridors for species with similar niches. 
D)  Eliminate keystone species.

Question 20

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N₂.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrifying bacteria 
B)  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the soil 
C)  Denitrifying bacteria 
D)  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes 
A)  Nitrifying bacteria 
B)  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the soil 
C)  Denitrifying bacteria 
D)  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes

Exam 20: Communities and Ecosystems

The figure below shows the growth curves of two populations of Paramecium,P.aurelia and P.caudatum.From the data,we can conclude that ________.

The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.

Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -In the ecosystem shown above,a toxin that accumulates in body tissues would have the largest effect on ________.

In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion,the antelope is ________.

Small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________.

A movement corridor ________.

An example of a mutualism,or +/+ relationship,is ________.

Bears eat berries,humans,and large fish; large fish eat smaller fish and insects; humans eat bears,large fish,and berries; Venus flytraps eat insects.The scenario described here is an example of ________.

What is the estimated annual value of ecosystem services?

The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ________.

In the food chain grass → antelope → human → lion,the human is a ________.

With regard to nutrient pollution in aquatic ecosystems,when is the worst time to apply fertilizer to your lawn?

The present rate of species loss ________.

Why are most food chains limited to three to five trophic levels?

Sustainable development ________. I)will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle II)must be achieved if the human species is to survive III)will require global,multinational cooperation

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N₂.

Introduction: Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of DNA

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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