Question 1

Cite six methods that can be used to measure personality variables.

Accepted Answer

1. Self-report questionnaires: These are

Question 2

In the story "The Cat in the Hat", the Cat tries to convince Sally and her brother to wreak havoc in the house while their mother is away. The Fish is adamant that the children behave and says "make that cat go away he should not be here, when your mother is out." If analyzing this classic children's tale from a psychoanalytic perspective,

Accepted Answer

A) the cat is the superego, Sally is the ego, and the fish is the id. 
B) the cat is the ego, Sally is the superego, and the fish is the id 
C) the cat is the id, Sally is the superego, and the fish is the ego 
D) the cat is the id, Sally is the ego, and the fish is the superego 
E) the cat is the superego, Sally is the id, and the fish is the ego 
A) the cat is the superego, Sally is the ego, and the fish is the id. 
B) the cat is the ego, Sally is the superego, and the fish is the id 
C) the cat is the id, Sally is the superego, and the fish is the ego 
D) the cat is the id, Sally is the ego, and the fish is the superego 
E) the cat is the superego, Sally is the id, and the fish is the ego

Question 3

When Acacia goes through the checkout line at her local grocer, the cashier asks if she would like to donate money to a particular charity. Though Acacia likes to support charities, she has been struggling financially and does not feel strongly about the issue she is being asked to support with a donation. In spite of this, she considers herself to be a good and kind person and believes that refusing to contribute to a charity is a selfish thing to do. As a result, she agrees to donate. Acacia is demonstrating a need for

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional positive regard. 
B) self-actualization. 
C) self-consistency. 
D) personal constructs. 
E) hardiness. 
A) unconditional positive regard. 
B) self-actualization. 
C) self-consistency. 
D) personal constructs. 
E) hardiness.

Question 4

Oberon has always been fascinated by fire, so he decides to become a firefighter. The job is extremely fulfilling for him: He gets to spend his days saving people from fires that might have hurt them or damaged their belongings, and he even wins an award for being fearless in hazardous situations. Freud would probably say that Oberon's fascination with fire

Accepted Answer

A) is due to fixation in the phallic psychosexual stage. 
B) has been sublimated into a socially desirable behaviour. 
C) is symbolic of the superego. 
D) is an example of the Oedipus complex. 
E) is symbolic of the ego. 
A) is due to fixation in the phallic psychosexual stage. 
B) has been sublimated into a socially desirable behaviour. 
C) is symbolic of the superego. 
D) is an example of the Oedipus complex. 
E) is symbolic of the ego.

Question 5

Which of the following psychological tests was created using the empirical approach to test construction?

Accepted Answer

A) NEO-PI 
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 
D) Rorschach inkblot test 
A) NEO-PI 
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 
D) Rorschach inkblot test

Question 6

Yang et al. (2016) used fMRI to measure changes in neural activation when participants thought about either themselves or celebrities. While processing adjectives applied to themselves, activity in one region was found to be correlated with their self-esteem scores. What was the region?

Accepted Answer

A) orbitofrontal cortex 
B) amygdala 
C) hippocampus 
D) pons 
E) corpus callosum 
A) orbitofrontal cortex 
B) amygdala 
C) hippocampus 
D) pons 
E) corpus callosum

Question 7

Carl Rogers believed that ____________ can produce serious negative consequences for people by creating significant _____________ between self-perceptions and experience along with a need to distort or alter important experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) self-consistency; congruence 
B) incongruence; self-consistency 
C) conditions of worth; incongruence 
D) a need for positive regard; inconsistency 
A) self-consistency; congruence 
B) incongruence; self-consistency 
C) conditions of worth; incongruence 
D) a need for positive regard; inconsistency

Question 8

What do the following terms have in common: Collective unconscious, fixation, ego, defence meahanism?

Accepted Answer

A) They are all psychodynamic terms. 
B) They are all part of the Big Five factors. 
C) All are components of Carl Rogers' self theory. 
D) All are components of humanistic approaches to personality. 
E) All are considered to be traits. 
A) They are all psychodynamic terms. 
B) They are all part of the Big Five factors. 
C) All are components of Carl Rogers' self theory. 
D) All are components of humanistic approaches to personality. 
E) All are considered to be traits.

Question 9

A man who has had a rough day at work comes home and vents the anger created by his job on his children. Which of the following psychoanalytic concepts most readily explains this man's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Fixation 
B) The reality principle 
C) Displacement 
D) Free association 
A) Fixation 
B) The reality principle 
C) Displacement 
D) Free association

Question 10

A person's personality trait of disagreeableness may motivate them to behave in irritable, cynical, and uncooperative ways. These behaviours likely trigger negative reactions in their friends, and these social consequences may in turn serve to strengthen and reinforce this person's personality and their social behaviour. This example best demonstrates the concept of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) self-reinforcement 
B) reciprocal determinism 
C) dynamic interactions 
D) self-monitoring 
A) self-reinforcement 
B) reciprocal determinism 
C) dynamic interactions 
D) self-monitoring

Question 11

During a conversation with a friend, Al starts to get angry, but this is an emotion that he considers inappropriate and childish. As a result, instead of noticing his own anger, he unknowingly starts to believe that his friend is becoming angry and excited, even though she is doing no such thing. This example best demonstrates the defence mechanism of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reaction formation 
B) projection 
C) sublimation 
D) displacement 
A) reaction formation 
B) projection 
C) sublimation 
D) displacement

Question 12

Some of Freud's most controversial work concerned the stages of psychosexual development. At which stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Oral 
B) Phallic 
C) Anal 
D) Puberty 
E) Intimacy 
A) Oral 
B) Phallic 
C) Anal 
D) Puberty 
E) Intimacy

Question 13

Which of the following tests is most similar in structure and purpose to the Rorschach inkblot test?

Accepted Answer

A) TAT 
B) NEO-PI 
C) extraversion-stability test 
D) 16-PF 
E) MMPI-2 
A) TAT 
B) NEO-PI 
C) extraversion-stability test 
D) 16-PF 
E) MMPI-2

Question 14

A study completed by DeYoung and colleagues demonstrated that the personality trait openness was correlated with intelligence and __________ function.

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex 
B) nucleus accumbens 
C) insular cortex 
D) orbitofrontal 
A) prefrontal cortex 
B) nucleus accumbens 
C) insular cortex 
D) orbitofrontal

Question 15

Hans Eysenck's theory of personality is most similar to which of the following approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Raymond Cattell's 16-factor theory 
B) Big Five personality theories 
C) Carl Rogers' humanistic theory 
D) Albert Bandura's social learning theory 
A) Raymond Cattell's 16-factor theory 
B) Big Five personality theories 
C) Carl Rogers' humanistic theory 
D) Albert Bandura's social learning theory

Question 16

A problem with completing a questionnaire designed to measure personality is that unconscious factors cannot be represented because by definition, we are unaware of them and their influence. In order to attempt to "tap" into this aspect of personality, _________________ was/were developed.

Accepted Answer

A) projective tests 
B) the rational-theoretical approach 
C) remote behaviour sampling 
D) the empirical approach 
A) projective tests 
B) the rational-theoretical approach 
C) remote behaviour sampling 
D) the empirical approach

Question 17

How did hydraulic systems of his time contribute to Freud's psychodynamic concepts?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic concepts,

Question 18

Dr. Forman is considering conducting a study examining the relationship between personality factors and people's attitudes towards gun laws. Because her study is large and she is going to have several different research assistants interviewing people, she creates a list of 42 specific questions that she would like her interviewers to ask of every participant. Dr. Forman's method of assessing personality and attitudes is best viewed as an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural assessment 
B) structured interview 
C) psychological test 
D) behavioural observation 
A) behavioural assessment 
B) structured interview 
C) psychological test 
D) behavioural observation

Question 19

According to Rogers, an individual with conditions of worth is likely to

Accepted Answer

A) be a fully functioning person 
B) experience a lack of unconditional positive regard 
C) score low on extroversion 
D) show a fully developed gender schema 
E) reject self-enhancement 
A) be a fully functioning person 
B) experience a lack of unconditional positive regard 
C) score low on extroversion 
D) show a fully developed gender schema 
E) reject self-enhancement

Question 20

Rotter's construct of reinforcement value refers to

Accepted Answer

A) person's perception of how likely it is that certain consequences will occur if he or she engages in a particular behaviour within a specific situation 
B) the utility of the reinforcement for increasing the likelihood that the behaviour of interest will occur again 
C) the degree of control that the reinforcement exerts over one's behavioural outcomes 
D) how much one wants or fears the outcome that he or she believes the behaviour will produce 
A) person's perception of how likely it is that certain consequences will occur if he or she engages in a particular behaviour within a specific situation 
B) the utility of the reinforcement for increasing the likelihood that the behaviour of interest will occur again 
C) the degree of control that the reinforcement exerts over one's behavioural outcomes 
D) how much one wants or fears the outcome that he or she believes the behaviour will produce

Cite six methods that can be used to measure personality variables.

Which of the following psychological tests was created using the empirical approach to test construction?

Yang et al. (2016) used fMRI to measure changes in neural activation when participants thought about either themselves or celebrities. While processing adjectives applied to themselves, activity in one region was found to be correlated with their self-esteem scores. What was the region?

Carl Rogers believed that can produce serious negative consequences for people by creating significant _ between self-perceptions and experience along with a need to distort or alter important experiences.

What do the following terms have in common: Collective unconscious, fixation, ego, defence meahanism?

A man who has had a rough day at work comes home and vents the anger created by his job on his children. Which of the following psychoanalytic concepts most readily explains this man's behaviour?

Some of Freud's most controversial work concerned the stages of psychosexual development. At which stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Which of the following tests is most similar in structure and purpose to the Rorschach inkblot test?

A study completed by DeYoung and colleagues demonstrated that the personality trait openness was correlated with intelligence and __________ function.

Hans Eysenck's theory of personality is most similar to which of the following approaches to personality?

A problem with completing a questionnaire designed to measure personality is that unconscious factors cannot be represented because by definition, we are unaware of them and their influence. In order to attempt to "tap" into this aspect of personality, _________________ was/were developed.

How did hydraulic systems of his time contribute to Freud's psychodynamic concepts?

According to Rogers, an individual with conditions of worth is likely to

Rotter's construct of reinforcement value refers to

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 14: Personality

Cite six methods that can be used to measure personality variables.

Which of the following psychological tests was created using the empirical approach to test construction?

Yang et al. (2016) used fMRI to measure changes in neural activation when participants thought about either themselves or celebrities. While processing adjectives applied to themselves, activity in one region was found to be correlated with their self-esteem scores. What was the region?

Carl Rogers believed that ____________ can produce serious negative consequences for people by creating significant _____________ between self-perceptions and experience along with a need to distort or alter important experiences.

What do the following terms have in common: Collective unconscious, fixation, ego, defence meahanism?

A man who has had a rough day at work comes home and vents the anger created by his job on his children. Which of the following psychoanalytic concepts most readily explains this man's behaviour?

Some of Freud's most controversial work concerned the stages of psychosexual development. At which stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Which of the following tests is most similar in structure and purpose to the Rorschach inkblot test?

A study completed by DeYoung and colleagues demonstrated that the personality trait openness was correlated with intelligence and __________ function.

Hans Eysenck's theory of personality is most similar to which of the following approaches to personality?

A problem with completing a questionnaire designed to measure personality is that unconscious factors cannot be represented because by definition, we are unaware of them and their influence. In order to attempt to "tap" into this aspect of personality, _________________ was/were developed.

How did hydraulic systems of his time contribute to Freud's psychodynamic concepts?

According to Rogers, an individual with conditions of worth is likely to

Rotter's construct of reinforcement value refers to

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Carl Rogers believed that can produce serious negative consequences for people by creating significant _ between self-perceptions and experience along with a need to distort or alter important experiences.