Question 1

Explain the relationship between the various perspectives on personality and the kinds of measures favoured by each.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between the various per

Question 2

When treating people with conversion hysteria, Sigmund Freud noticed that people with this disorder often appeared to improve when ________.

Accepted Answer

A) they re-experienced traumatic memories and feelings 
B) their superegos were strengthened 
C) their defence mechanisms became more balanced 
D) they sublimated their sexual and aggressive energies 
A) they re-experienced traumatic memories and feelings 
B) their superegos were strengthened 
C) their defence mechanisms became more balanced 
D) they sublimated their sexual and aggressive energies

Question 3

Of the standards below, there is one that is NOT used to evaluate the usefulness of a personality theory

Accepted Answer

A) how well the theory provides a comprehensive framework in which known material can be incorporated 
B) if the theory allows the prediction of future events with some precision 
C) if the theory generates data and results that apply generally to all people 
D) how well the theory stimulates the discovery of new knowledge 
A) how well the theory provides a comprehensive framework in which known material can be incorporated 
B) if the theory allows the prediction of future events with some precision 
C) if the theory generates data and results that apply generally to all people 
D) how well the theory stimulates the discovery of new knowledge

Question 4

Since her physician told Fabienne that she needs to lose weight to improve her health, she has been trying to eat healthfully. But every time she goes out to a restaurant, she can't resist ordering several unhealthy desserts. Her friends suggest that she try to eat the foods she craves in moderation, but she tells them that when she sees the sweets she's not supposed to eat, she can focus on nothing but how badly she wants them. Freud would say that Fabienne's _____________ is encouraging her to overeat certain foods.

Accepted Answer

A) id 
B) ego 
C) superego 
D) preconscious 
E) conscious 
A) id 
B) ego 
C) superego 
D) preconscious 
E) conscious

Question 5

Through the process of identification with significant others, most often parents, the ideals of these significant others are internalized creating the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) ego 
B) id and ego 
C) superego 
D) id 
A) ego 
B) id and ego 
C) superego 
D) id

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the stability of personality traits is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Almost all traits are remarkably consistent across time and across situations. 
B) Traits show significantly more stability across time, but they show a great deal of capacity for change across situations. 
C) Traits show significantly more stability across situations than they do across time. 
D) In terms of stability across situations and across time, some traits are relatively stable, while others show some capacity for change. 
A) Almost all traits are remarkably consistent across time and across situations. 
B) Traits show significantly more stability across time, but they show a great deal of capacity for change across situations. 
C) Traits show significantly more stability across situations than they do across time. 
D) In terms of stability across situations and across time, some traits are relatively stable, while others show some capacity for change.

Question 7

Let's say that you are a psychiatrist examining a young child. You determine that he has become fixated at the Oral stage. According to Freud, he has not resolved

Accepted Answer

A) weaning from his mother 
B) toilet training issues 
C) the Oedipus complex 
D) the development of mature sexual relationships 
E) the development of social relationships 
A) weaning from his mother 
B) toilet training issues 
C) the Oedipus complex 
D) the development of mature sexual relationships 
E) the development of social relationships

Question 8

Danny is upset at work. His boss gave him a lot of work to do in a short time period. He would really like to punch his boss in the nose, but he'd get in trouble and be fired. So after work he goes home and starts painting a picture of his boss falling off of a cliff. According to Freud, this reflects the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A) denial 
B) displacement 
C) projection 
D) sublimation 
E) reaction formation 
A) denial 
B) displacement 
C) projection 
D) sublimation 
E) reaction formation

Question 9

You are about to see a therapist for the first time. You do not know much about this person, except that she uses the Rorschach inkblots. What kind of therapist are you seeing?

Accepted Answer

A) Someone who uses remote behaviour sampling 
B) Social cognitive 
C) Humanist 
D) Psychodynamic 
E) A follower of the Big Five 
A) Someone who uses remote behaviour sampling 
B) Social cognitive 
C) Humanist 
D) Psychodynamic 
E) A follower of the Big Five

Question 10

Gerald constantly feels as if he should be doing better in school, although his grades are often above average. Adler would likely suggest that Gerald has a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A) underactive id 
B) overactive ego 
C) inferiority complex 
D) fear of his personal unconscious 
A) underactive id 
B) overactive ego 
C) inferiority complex 
D) fear of his personal unconscious

Question 11

Which of the following statements has research found to be true regarding self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) High self-esteem is beneficial for children and should be promoted in development. 
B) Inflated self-esteem creates a vulnerability to ego threats making a person more likely to act aggressively if their self-esteem is threatened. 
C) The concept of high self-esteem is over-rated and is not related to positive life outcomes. 
D) Men tend to have higher levels of self-esteem compared to women. 
A) High self-esteem is beneficial for children and should be promoted in development. 
B) Inflated self-esteem creates a vulnerability to ego threats making a person more likely to act aggressively if their self-esteem is threatened. 
C) The concept of high self-esteem is over-rated and is not related to positive life outcomes. 
D) Men tend to have higher levels of self-esteem compared to women.

Question 12

Define Rotter's concepts of expectancy and reinforcement value and explain how they jointly influence behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Rotter's concept of expectancy refers to

Question 13

Discuss six different methods that personality researchers use to measure various aspects of personality. For each method, give an example.

Accepted Answer

1. Self-Report Measures: This method inv

Question 14

Defense mechanisms are conscious?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Researchers associated with the psychodynamic tradition tend to favour the use of projective tests like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), while researchers who rely more on behavioural assessments and often ask people to rate their expectations and abilities are affiliated with the _____________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A) social cognitive 
B) humanistic 
C) trait 
D) rational approach 
A) social cognitive 
B) humanistic 
C) trait 
D) rational approach

Question 16

You are seeing a psychodynamic psychologist. He is concerned with your mental representations of important adults in your life. Most likely, this psychologist is interested in

Accepted Answer

A) congruence 
B) locus of control 
C) extraversion 
D) object relations 
E) the superego 
A) congruence 
B) locus of control 
C) extraversion 
D) object relations 
E) the superego

Question 17

When confronted by potentially overwhelming urges, in order to reject or distort reality and thus effectively reduce the anxiety that accompanies these urges, the ego may resort to what are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) free associations 
B) conditions of worth 
C) archetypes 
D) defence mechanisms 
A) free associations 
B) conditions of worth 
C) archetypes 
D) defence mechanisms

Question 18

A lack of consistent guidelines and punishment as well as a loss of love for misbehaviour were both mentioned as factors that can contribute to the development of low ____________ in children.

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem 
B) self-verification 
C) self-monitoring 
D) self-consistency 
A) self-esteem 
B) self-verification 
C) self-monitoring 
D) self-consistency

Question 19

According to Statistics Canada, 80 percent of Canadians aged 16 or older used the Internet in 2010, and Canadians are often online-76 percent of Canadians use the Internet at least once a day. We make identity claims by how we dress, by how we decorate our homes and offices, and by which logo we have on our backpacks. Assessing someone's personality using their online presence is a type of personality assessment that

Accepted Answer

A) has not yet been validated. 
B) does not provide correct impressions of an individual's personality 
C) tends to be a quite accurate assessment of individual personality. 
D) cannot be trusted.No online information is correct. 
E) no research has ever been conducted on, so we simply cannot say. 
A) has not yet been validated. 
B) does not provide correct impressions of an individual's personality 
C) tends to be a quite accurate assessment of individual personality. 
D) cannot be trusted.No online information is correct. 
E) no research has ever been conducted on, so we simply cannot say.

Question 20

With personality scales constructed using the empirical approach, the researcher bases the construction of the test on

Accepted Answer

A) some theoretical conception of the concept or construct that is to be measured 
B) personal intuition and the face validity of the items 
C) how reliable and valid the items on a given test are found to be 
D) research showing the unique responses various groups of people have to specific items 
A) some theoretical conception of the concept or construct that is to be measured 
B) personal intuition and the face validity of the items 
C) how reliable and valid the items on a given test are found to be 
D) research showing the unique responses various groups of people have to specific items

Explain the relationship between the various perspectives on personality and the kinds of measures favoured by each.

When treating people with conversion hysteria, Sigmund Freud noticed that people with this disorder often appeared to improve when ________.

Of the standards below, there is one that is NOT used to evaluate the usefulness of a personality theory

Through the process of identification with significant others, most often parents, the ideals of these significant others are internalized creating the _____________.

Which of the following statements regarding the stability of personality traits is most accurate?

Let's say that you are a psychiatrist examining a young child. You determine that he has become fixated at the Oral stage. According to Freud, he has not resolved

You are about to see a therapist for the first time. You do not know much about this person, except that she uses the Rorschach inkblots. What kind of therapist are you seeing?

Gerald constantly feels as if he should be doing better in school, although his grades are often above average. Adler would likely suggest that Gerald has a(n) ________.

Which of the following statements has research found to be true regarding self-esteem?

Define Rotter's concepts of expectancy and reinforcement value and explain how they jointly influence behaviour.

Discuss six different methods that personality researchers use to measure various aspects of personality. For each method, give an example.

Defense mechanisms are conscious?

You are seeing a psychodynamic psychologist. He is concerned with your mental representations of important adults in your life. Most likely, this psychologist is interested in

When confronted by potentially overwhelming urges, in order to reject or distort reality and thus effectively reduce the anxiety that accompanies these urges, the ego may resort to what are called _______________.

A lack of consistent guidelines and punishment as well as a loss of love for misbehaviour were both mentioned as factors that can contribute to the development of low ____________ in children.

With personality scales constructed using the empirical approach, the researcher bases the construction of the test on

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 14: Personality

Explain the relationship between the various perspectives on personality and the kinds of measures favoured by each.

When treating people with conversion hysteria, Sigmund Freud noticed that people with this disorder often appeared to improve when ________.

Of the standards below, there is one that is NOT used to evaluate the usefulness of a personality theory

Through the process of identification with significant others, most often parents, the ideals of these significant others are internalized creating the _____________.

Which of the following statements regarding the stability of personality traits is most accurate?

Let's say that you are a psychiatrist examining a young child. You determine that he has become fixated at the Oral stage. According to Freud, he has not resolved

You are about to see a therapist for the first time. You do not know much about this person, except that she uses the Rorschach inkblots. What kind of therapist are you seeing?

Gerald constantly feels as if he should be doing better in school, although his grades are often above average. Adler would likely suggest that Gerald has a(n) ________.

Which of the following statements has research found to be true regarding self-esteem?

Define Rotter's concepts of expectancy and reinforcement value and explain how they jointly influence behaviour.

Discuss six different methods that personality researchers use to measure various aspects of personality. For each method, give an example.

Defense mechanisms are conscious?

You are seeing a psychodynamic psychologist. He is concerned with your mental representations of important adults in your life. Most likely, this psychologist is interested in

When confronted by potentially overwhelming urges, in order to reject or distort reality and thus effectively reduce the anxiety that accompanies these urges, the ego may resort to what are called _______________.

A lack of consistent guidelines and punishment as well as a loss of love for misbehaviour were both mentioned as factors that can contribute to the development of low ____________ in children.

With personality scales constructed using the empirical approach, the researcher bases the construction of the test on

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters