Exam 14: Individual Emotions

According to the text, the themes that organize the otherwise diverse emotions of fear, anger, disgust, and sadness are:

______motivates defensive behavior. It acts as a warning signal to forthcoming harm.

______is expressed with a slight (not a large) smile, tilting the head slightly back, expanding the chest, and raising one's arms upward into the air.

______is the emotional reaction that follows victory in a competitive situation.

Rumination is the catalyst that, when combined with other negative emotions, produces emotion overproduction that often leads to:

______is a complex emotion, partly because it is peculiarly both a positive and a negative emotion.

______generates a pulling-down motivation, although it too is aimed at improving one's position.

Explain the similarities and differences between sadness and depression.

______arises after the person evaluates his behavior (not himself) as a failure. Thus the focus of this emotion is on the self's behavior and action rather than on the self's worth per se.

Explain why gratitude is such an important and personally- and socially-constructive emotion.

______is triggered by another person's emotional state or situational circumstances, and it involves the observer feeling what the actor feels.