Exam 12: Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

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From a biological point of view, there are believed to be six primary emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. These emotions are thought to be universal across all cultures and are believed to have evolved as adaptive responses to different situations.

The number six is chosen based on the work of psychologist Paul Ekman, who conducted extensive research on facial expressions and emotions across different cultures. He identified these six primary emotions as being universally recognized and expressed through distinct facial expressions. Additionally, these emotions are thought to have distinct physiological and neurological responses in the body, further supporting the idea that they are biologically rooted.

While there may be variations and nuances within these primary emotions, such as different degrees of happiness or varying triggers for fear, the core emotional experiences are believed to be limited to these six categories from a biological perspective.

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The emotion of fear/terror is the primary motivator in this example because the child's immediate reaction to the sweater getting stuck over his head is panic-like emotion. This indicates that the child's primary concern is not the physiological need for air, but rather the fear and terror of being trapped or suffocated. The panic-like emotion and coping behavior that follows further support the idea that the child's primary motivator is fear/terror, as he is focused on escaping the situation and alleviating the fear rather than solely addressing the need for air.