Question 1

The food flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate is believed by some scientists to promote a unique taste sensation known as

Accepted Answer

A) sushi. 
B) umami. 
C) chymos. 
D) sashimi. 
A) sushi. 
B) umami. 
C) chymos. 
D) sashimi.

Question 2

Which of the following is a common cause of constipation?

Accepted Answer

A) High-fat diet 
B) High-carbohydrate diet 
C) Lack of physical activity 
D) Excessive mineral oil intake 
A) High-fat diet 
B) High-carbohydrate diet 
C) Lack of physical activity 
D) Excessive mineral oil intake

Question 3

What is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A) Crypt 
B) Villus 
C) Microvillus 
D) Macrovillus 
A) Crypt 
B) Villus 
C) Microvillus 
D) Macrovillus

Question 4

A person on a low-fiber diet is at increased risk for experiencing elevated rectal vein pressure leading to formation of

Accepted Answer

A) reflux. 
B) hiccups. 
C) hemorrhoids. 
D) peptic ulcers. 
A) reflux. 
B) hiccups. 
C) hemorrhoids. 
D) peptic ulcers.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretion of bile salts 
B) Secretion of digestive acid 
C) Transport of nutrient molecules 
D) Transport of pancreatic enzymes 
A) Secretion of bile salts 
B) Secretion of digestive acid 
C) Transport of nutrient molecules 
D) Transport of pancreatic enzymes

Question 6

What is the primary role of the normal, thriving intestinal bacterial population?

Accepted Answer

A) Helps degrade meat and dairy proteins 
B) Helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system 
C) Synthesizes vitamin D, which can be absorbed into the body 
D) Synthesizes several amino acids which can be absorbed into the body 
A) Helps degrade meat and dairy proteins 
B) Helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system 
C) Synthesizes vitamin D, which can be absorbed into the body 
D) Synthesizes several amino acids which can be absorbed into the body

Question 7

All of the following are common causes of heartburn except

Accepted Answer

A) eating too slowly. 
B) drinking too much. 
C) wearing tight clothes. 
D) bending over after a meal. 
A) eating too slowly. 
B) drinking too much. 
C) wearing tight clothes. 
D) bending over after a meal.

Question 8

Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) Gastrin 
B) Insulin 
C) Secretin 
D) Cholecystokinin 
A) Gastrin 
B) Insulin 
C) Secretin 
D) Cholecystokinin

Question 9

What is umami?

Accepted Answer

A) The flavor of monosodium glutamate 
B) The opening between the duodenum and jejunum 
C) The intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes fish proteins 
D) An intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes dietary nucleic acids 
A) The flavor of monosodium glutamate 
B) The opening between the duodenum and jejunum 
C) The intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes fish proteins 
D) An intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes dietary nucleic acids

Question 10

The maintenance of the body's constant internal conditions is guided by the principle known as

Accepted Answer

A) homeostasis. 
B) bios systems. 
C) central control. 
D) hormone balance. 
A) homeostasis. 
B) bios systems. 
C) central control. 
D) hormone balance.

Question 11

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the

Accepted Answer

A) reflux restrainer. 
B) cardiac sphincter. 
C) perihepatic control valve. 
D) reverse peristalsis inhibitor. 
A) reflux restrainer. 
B) cardiac sphincter. 
C) perihepatic control valve. 
D) reverse peristalsis inhibitor.

Question 12

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

Accepted Answer

A) Secretes acid into the stomach 
B) Secretes hormones into the stomach 
C) Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach 
D) Prevents the contents of the small intestine from emptying too quickly into the colon 
A) Secretes acid into the stomach 
B) Secretes hormones into the stomach 
C) Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach 
D) Prevents the contents of the small intestine from emptying too quickly into the colon

Question 13

What is the lumen of the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A) The epiglottis 
B) The capillaries 
C) The inner space 
D) The mucosal surface 
A) The epiglottis 
B) The capillaries 
C) The inner space 
D) The mucosal surface

Question 14

Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as

Accepted Answer

A) probiotics. 
B) prebiotics. 
C) postbiotics. 
D) zymobiotics. 
A) probiotics. 
B) prebiotics. 
C) postbiotics. 
D) zymobiotics.

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

A) It carries fats away from the intestines 
B) It contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid 
C) It circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the subclavian vein 
D) It serves to transport fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system 
A) It carries fats away from the intestines 
B) It contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid 
C) It circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the subclavian vein 
D) It serves to transport fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system

Question 16

To assist the process of digestion and absorption, it is usually best to

Accepted Answer

A) eat several snacks per day so the system is not overwhelmed. 
B) combine different food types to enhance the absorption process. 
C) avoid eating meat and fruit at the same meal to prevent competition. 
D) take enzyme pills or powder periodically so the system can rest and rejuvenate. 
A) eat several snacks per day so the system is not overwhelmed. 
B) combine different food types to enhance the absorption process. 
C) avoid eating meat and fruit at the same meal to prevent competition. 
D) take enzyme pills or powder periodically so the system can rest and rejuvenate.

Question 17

Why is there little or no digestion of starch in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) Mucus inhibits starch breakdown 
B) Stomach enzymes are dysfunctional 
C) Starch should not be eaten with protein 
D) Salivary enzymes do not work in an acid environment 
A) Mucus inhibits starch breakdown 
B) Stomach enzymes are dysfunctional 
C) Starch should not be eaten with protein 
D) Salivary enzymes do not work in an acid environment

Question 18

All of the following are major causes of ulcer formation except

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial infection. 
B) excessive use of antacids. 
C) excessive gastric acid secretion. 
D) use of certain anti-inflammatory medicines. 
A) bacterial infection. 
B) excessive use of antacids. 
C) excessive gastric acid secretion. 
D) use of certain anti-inflammatory medicines.

Question 19

The hepatic portal vein empties into the

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) heart. 
C) pancreas. 
D) hepatic vein. 
A) liver. 
B) heart. 
C) pancreas. 
D) hepatic vein.

Question 20

The primary treatment for ulcer caused by the presence of H.pylori is

Accepted Answer

A) fiber. 
B) surgery. 
C) antacids. 
D) antibiotics. 
A) fiber. 
B) surgery. 
C) antacids. 
D) antibiotics.

Exam 3: Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The food flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate is believed by some scientists to promote a unique taste sensation known as

Which of the following is a common cause of constipation?

What is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

A person on a low-fiber diet is at increased risk for experiencing elevated rectal vein pressure leading to formation of

Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli?

What is the primary role of the normal, thriving intestinal bacterial population?

All of the following are common causes of heartburn except

Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach?

What is umami?

The maintenance of the body's constant internal conditions is guided by the principle known as

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

What is the lumen of the GI tract?

Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as

Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?

To assist the process of digestion and absorption, it is usually best to

Why is there little or no digestion of starch in the stomach?

All of the following are major causes of ulcer formation except

The hepatic portal vein empties into the

The primary treatment for ulcer caused by the presence of H.pylori is

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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