Question 1

A feature of heavy caffeine use in human pregnancy is that it may

Accepted Answer

A) worsen edema. 
B) increase the risk of infant death. 
C) increase the risk of birth defects. 
D) increase the risk of stillborn infants. 
A) worsen edema. 
B) increase the risk of infant death. 
C) increase the risk of birth defects. 
D) increase the risk of stillborn infants.

Question 2

Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein and chromium 
B) Folate and vitamin B12 
C) Calcium and vitamin A 
D) Vitamin E and vitamin C 
A) Protein and chromium 
B) Folate and vitamin B12 
C) Calcium and vitamin A 
D) Vitamin E and vitamin C

Question 3

What is the risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome for a woman who is 40 years old compared with a 20 year old?

Accepted Answer

A) One-half as much 
B) About the same 
C) 25 times higher 
D) 100 times higher 
A) One-half as much 
B) About the same 
C) 25 times higher 
D) 100 times higher

Question 4

What term best describes a factor that causes abnormal fetal development and birth defects?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxigenic 
B) Mutagenic 
C) Neonagenic 
D) Teratogenic 
A) Toxigenic 
B) Mutagenic 
C) Neonagenic 
D) Teratogenic

Question 5

Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) The AI increases by over 100% 
B) Intestinal absorption increases substantially 
C) Supplements are required for most women due to the increased needs 
D) Transfer of calcium from maternal stores to the fetus increases rapidly at the beginning of the second trimester and falls during the last trimester 
A) The AI increases by over 100% 
B) Intestinal absorption increases substantially 
C) Supplements are required for most women due to the increased needs 
D) Transfer of calcium from maternal stores to the fetus increases rapidly at the beginning of the second trimester and falls during the last trimester

Question 6

The common problems of pregnancy include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) nausea. 
B) heartburn. 
C) constipation. 
D) low blood pressure. 
A) nausea. 
B) heartburn. 
C) constipation. 
D) low blood pressure.

Question 7

What is the recommended range of weight gain, in lbs, during pregnancy for an underweight woman?

Accepted Answer

A) 15-25 
B) 28-40 
C) 42-50 
D) 55-62 
A) 15-25 
B) 28-40 
C) 42-50 
D) 55-62

Question 8

What is the percentage increase in the folate RDA during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) 25 
B) 50 
C) 75 
D) 100 
A) 25 
B) 50 
C) 75 
D) 100

Question 9

Which of the following statements describes an association between nutrient intake and lactation?

Accepted Answer

A) Milk production is increased by higher fluid intake 
B) Ingestion of garlic may lead to an off-flavor of the milk 
C) Inadequate protein intake lowers the protein concentration of the milk 
D) The energy RDA for milk production calls for an additional 1000 kcalories per day 
A) Milk production is increased by higher fluid intake 
B) Ingestion of garlic may lead to an off-flavor of the milk 
C) Inadequate protein intake lowers the protein concentration of the milk 
D) The energy RDA for milk production calls for an additional 1000 kcalories per day

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eclampsia?

Accepted Answer

A) Convulsions by the mother 
B) Convulsions by the newborn 
C) Low blood pressure in the mother 
D) Low blood pressure in the newborn 
A) Convulsions by the mother 
B) Convulsions by the newborn 
C) Low blood pressure in the mother 
D) Low blood pressure in the newborn

Question 11

In pregnant women unable to meet their calcium needs, how many mg of a daily calcium supplement is advised?

Accepted Answer

A) 150 
B) 300 
C) 600 
D) 1000 
A) 150 
B) 300 
C) 600 
D) 1000

Question 12

The number of extra kcalories per day needed to produce a normal supply of milk during the first six months of lactation is approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 100. 
B) 250. 
C) 500. 
D) 1000. 
A) 100. 
B) 250. 
C) 500. 
D) 1000.

Question 13

Which of the following describes a relationship between body weight and pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Overweight women bear the greatest number of low-birth-weight infants 
B) Weight gain during pregnancy is the sole determinant of fetus weight at birth 
C) The increased incidence of neural-tube defects of infants born to obese women is due primarily to folate insufficiency 
D) Underweight women who gain 30 lbs during pregnancy tend to birth smaller babies than heavier women who gain 30 lbs 
A) Overweight women bear the greatest number of low-birth-weight infants 
B) Weight gain during pregnancy is the sole determinant of fetus weight at birth 
C) The increased incidence of neural-tube defects of infants born to obese women is due primarily to folate insufficiency 
D) Underweight women who gain 30 lbs during pregnancy tend to birth smaller babies than heavier women who gain 30 lbs

Question 14

All of the following are features of preeclampsia except

Accepted Answer

A) edema. 
B) diabetes. 
C) proteinuria. 
D) high blood pressure. 
A) edema. 
B) diabetes. 
C) proteinuria. 
D) high blood pressure.

Question 15

What is macrosomia?

Accepted Answer

A) A neural tube defect 
B) A high-birthweight infant 
C) Excessive weight gain of the mother 
D) Abnormal cravings for carbohydrate during pregnancy 
A) A neural tube defect 
B) A high-birthweight infant 
C) Excessive weight gain of the mother 
D) Abnormal cravings for carbohydrate during pregnancy

Question 16

You are working as a nutrition consultant in a women's health clinic and have been advising patients to make sure they consume about 400 micrograms of folate every day.One patient is aware that folate helps prevent birth defects but she isn't sure why she should take it if she is not pregnant.Which of the following is the most appropriate reply?

Accepted Answer

A) The folate supplementation prevents pernicious anemia, which increases the risk of spina bifida 
B) The folate supplementation is needed to ensure a large store that can be utilized by the growing fetus 
C) As long as supplementation begins the day pregnancy is confirmed, there is no risk of defects 
D) The neural tube develops early on in pregnancy, oftentimes before the woman realizes she is pregnant 
A) The folate supplementation prevents pernicious anemia, which increases the risk of spina bifida 
B) The folate supplementation is needed to ensure a large store that can be utilized by the growing fetus 
C) As long as supplementation begins the day pregnancy is confirmed, there is no risk of defects 
D) The neural tube develops early on in pregnancy, oftentimes before the woman realizes she is pregnant

Question 17

A less severe form of fetal alcohol syndrome is known by all of the following terms except

Accepted Answer

A) prenatal alcohol exposure. 
B) fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 
C) fetal subdevelopment syndrome. 
D) alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. 
A) prenatal alcohol exposure. 
B) fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 
C) fetal subdevelopment syndrome. 
D) alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Question 18

All of the following are features of gestational diabetes except

Accepted Answer

A) Asian ancestry is a risk factor. 
B) infant birthweights are typically low. 
C) it usually develops during the second half of pregnancy. 
D) the most common consequences include labor and delivery complications. 
A) Asian ancestry is a risk factor. 
B) infant birthweights are typically low. 
C) it usually develops during the second half of pregnancy. 
D) the most common consequences include labor and delivery complications.

Question 19

What organ is most affected in anencephaly?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver 
B) Heart 
C) Brain 
D) Pancreas 
A) Liver 
B) Heart 
C) Brain 
D) Pancreas

Question 20

Since repeated pregnancies occurring within short time frames lead to depletion of the mother's nutrient reserves, what is the optimal interval between pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

A) ½ year 
B) 1 year 
C) 1 ½-2 years 
D) 3-4 years 
A) ½ year 
B) 1 year 
C) 1 ½-2 years 
D) 3-4 years

Exam 14: Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

A feature of heavy caffeine use in human pregnancy is that it may

Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells?

What is the risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome for a woman who is 40 years old compared with a 20 year old?

What term best describes a factor that causes abnormal fetal development and birth defects?

Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in pregnancy?

The common problems of pregnancy include all of the following except

What is the recommended range of weight gain, in lbs, during pregnancy for an underweight woman?

What is the percentage increase in the folate RDA during pregnancy?

Which of the following statements describes an association between nutrient intake and lactation?

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eclampsia?

In pregnant women unable to meet their calcium needs, how many mg of a daily calcium supplement is advised?

The number of extra kcalories per day needed to produce a normal supply of milk during the first six months of lactation is approximately

Which of the following describes a relationship between body weight and pregnancy?

All of the following are features of preeclampsia except

What is macrosomia?

A less severe form of fetal alcohol syndrome is known by all of the following terms except

All of the following are features of gestational diabetes except

What organ is most affected in anencephaly?

Since repeated pregnancies occurring within short time frames lead to depletion of the mother's nutrient reserves, what is the optimal interval between pregnancies?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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