Question 1

During metabolic stress, which of the following metabolic changes would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoglycemia 
B) Hypometabolism 
C) Negative nitrogen balance 
D) a and c 
A) Hypoglycemia 
B) Hypometabolism 
C) Negative nitrogen balance 
D) a and c

Question 2

A disruption to the body's chemical environment that threatens its normal and healthy functioning is called

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic stress. 
B) severe stress. 
C) physiological stress. 
D) none of the above 
A) metabolic stress. 
B) severe stress. 
C) physiological stress. 
D) none of the above

Question 3

Which of the following hormones promote glycogen breakdown?

Accepted Answer

A) Catecholamines and antidiuretic hormone 
B) Catecholamines and glucagon 
C) Cortisol and aldosterone 
D) Aldosterone and catecholamines 
A) Catecholamines and antidiuretic hormone 
B) Catecholamines and glucagon 
C) Cortisol and aldosterone 
D) Aldosterone and catecholamines

Question 4

As a result of immune and inflammatory responses to stress, all of the following changes occur except

Accepted Answer

A) swelling at the injury site. 
B) reduced respiratory rate. 
C) heat from the influx of warm arterial blood. 
D) pain at the injury site. 
A) swelling at the injury site. 
B) reduced respiratory rate. 
C) heat from the influx of warm arterial blood. 
D) pain at the injury site.

Question 5

Which of the following micronutrients are important for tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

A) Thiamin and riboflavin 
B) Folic acid and pyridoxine 
C) Vitamin C and zinc 
D) Iron and magnesium 
A) Thiamin and riboflavin 
B) Folic acid and pyridoxine 
C) Vitamin C and zinc 
D) Iron and magnesium

Question 6

Brenda has been diagnosed with sepsis.What is a quick method to determine her energy needs?

Accepted Answer

A) 15-20 kcal/kg 
B) 20-25 kcal/kg 
C) 25-30 kcal/kg 
D) 30-35 kcal/kg 
A) 15-20 kcal/kg 
B) 20-25 kcal/kg 
C) 25-30 kcal/kg 
D) 30-35 kcal/kg

Question 7

What is a dietary change that can help to suppress inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase intake of fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids 
B) Increase intake of vegetable oils rich in omega-6 fatty acids 
C) Increase intake of vitamin C 
D) Increase intake of zinc 
A) Increase intake of fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids 
B) Increase intake of vegetable oils rich in omega-6 fatty acids 
C) Increase intake of vitamin C 
D) Increase intake of zinc

Question 8

To decrease the risk of aspiration in patients with respiratory failure who need nutrition support:

Accepted Answer

A) utilize gastric feeding. 
B) utilize intestinal feeding. 
C) decrease the amount of free water in the tube feeding. 
D) select a formula enriched with vitamins A, C, and E. 
A) utilize gastric feeding. 
B) utilize intestinal feeding. 
C) decrease the amount of free water in the tube feeding. 
D) select a formula enriched with vitamins A, C, and E.

Question 9

A whole-body response to inflammation that persists for more than a few days and remains unresolved is called

Accepted Answer

A) systemic inflammatory response syndrome. 
B) the stress response. 
C) the immune response. 
D) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. 
A) systemic inflammatory response syndrome. 
B) the stress response. 
C) the immune response. 
D) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Question 10

Which of the following is not among the principal nutritional goals for treating acute stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Preserve lean tissue content 
B) Maintain immune defenses 
C) Promote healing 
D) Reduce inflammation 
A) Preserve lean tissue content 
B) Maintain immune defenses 
C) Promote healing 
D) Reduce inflammation

Question 11

All of the following may decrease Margaret's appetite except for:

Accepted Answer

A) taste perception changes. 
B) dyspnea. 
C) depression. 
D) corticosteroids. 
A) taste perception changes. 
B) dyspnea. 
C) depression. 
D) corticosteroids.

Question 12

Which of the following is the precursor for the eicosanoids?

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acids 
B) Fatty acids 
C) Thiamin 
D) Vitamin D 
A) Amino acids 
B) Fatty acids 
C) Thiamin 
D) Vitamin D

Question 13

For critically ill patients, _____ provide the majority of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate and protein 
B) protein and fat 
C) fat and carbohydrate 
D) fiber and fat 
A) carbohydrate and protein 
B) protein and fat 
C) fat and carbohydrate 
D) fiber and fat

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a condition that cannot lead to metabolic stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Deep wounds 
B) Burns 
C) Infection 
D) Hypothyroidism 
A) Deep wounds 
B) Burns 
C) Infection 
D) Hypothyroidism

Question 15

Although specific requirements have not been determined, acutely stressed patients may have increased micronutrient needs for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) zinc. 
B) vitamin A. 
C) vitamin D. 
D) selenium. 
A) zinc. 
B) vitamin A. 
C) vitamin D. 
D) selenium.

Question 16

Blood transfusions might cause which of the following to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Acute lung injury 
B) Allergic reactions 
C) White blood cell hemolysis 
D) a and b 
E) a, b, and c 
A) Acute lung injury 
B) Allergic reactions 
C) White blood cell hemolysis 
D) a and b 
E) a, b, and c

Question 17

Multiple organ failure is most frequently associated with which organ(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Lungs 
B) Liver 
C) Kidneys 
D) a and b 
E) a, b, and c 
A) Lungs 
B) Liver 
C) Kidneys 
D) a and b 
E) a, b, and c

Question 18

The objectives of nutrition care for burns include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) achieving nitrogen balance. 
B) minimizing tissue loss. 
C) maintaining immune defenses. 
D) ensuring adequate fluid output. 
A) achieving nitrogen balance. 
B) minimizing tissue loss. 
C) maintaining immune defenses. 
D) ensuring adequate fluid output.

Question 19

Maggie, newly diagnosed with COPD, is experiencing a loss of appetite.All of the following, related to her diagnosis of COPD, could explain a decrease in Maggie's appetite except:

Accepted Answer

A) medications. 
B) change in chewing ability. 
C) diaphragm changes. 
D) dyspnea. 
A) medications. 
B) change in chewing ability. 
C) diaphragm changes. 
D) dyspnea.

Question 20

_____ is the change in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; it is characterized by alterations in plasma proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) The inflammatory response 
B) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 
C) The acute-phase response 
D) Bacterial translocation 
A) The inflammatory response 
B) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 
C) The acute-phase response 
D) Bacterial translocation

Exam 22: Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

During metabolic stress, which of the following metabolic changes would be expected?

A disruption to the body's chemical environment that threatens its normal and healthy functioning is called

Which of the following hormones promote glycogen breakdown?

As a result of immune and inflammatory responses to stress, all of the following changes occur except

Which of the following micronutrients are important for tissue repair?

Brenda has been diagnosed with sepsis.What is a quick method to determine her energy needs?

What is a dietary change that can help to suppress inflammation?

To decrease the risk of aspiration in patients with respiratory failure who need nutrition support:

A whole-body response to inflammation that persists for more than a few days and remains unresolved is called

Which of the following is not among the principal nutritional goals for treating acute stress?

All of the following may decrease Margaret's appetite except for:

Which of the following is the precursor for the eicosanoids?

For critically ill patients, _____ provide the majority of energy.

Which of the following is an example of a condition that cannot lead to metabolic stress?

Although specific requirements have not been determined, acutely stressed patients may have increased micronutrient needs for all of the following except:

Blood transfusions might cause which of the following to occur?

Multiple organ failure is most frequently associated with which organ(s)?

The objectives of nutrition care for burns include all of the following except:

Maggie, newly diagnosed with COPD, is experiencing a loss of appetite.All of the following, related to her diagnosis of COPD, could explain a decrease in Maggie's appetite except:

_____ is the change in body chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury; it is characterized by alterations in plasma proteins.

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters