Question 1

Mr.Ferell has ARDS.His nurse notices an increase in body weight and edema.The dietitian is consulted.She recommends:

Accepted Answer

A) a change to parenteral nutrition support. 
B) a change to a nutrient-dense formula. 
C) that they continue the current nutrition care plan. 
D) a change to bolus feedings. 
A) a change to parenteral nutrition support. 
B) a change to a nutrient-dense formula. 
C) that they continue the current nutrition care plan. 
D) a change to bolus feedings.

Question 2

Complications that result from refeeding syndrome include

Accepted Answer

A) hyperglycemia. 
B) translocation and hypermetabolism. 
C) negative nitrogen balance. 
D) all of the above 
A) hyperglycemia. 
B) translocation and hypermetabolism. 
C) negative nitrogen balance. 
D) all of the above

Question 3

The complication that results when adequate nutrition is reintroduced rapidly is

Accepted Answer

A) hypotension. 
B) refeeding syndrome. 
C) ketoacidosis. 
D) tachycardia. 
A) hypotension. 
B) refeeding syndrome. 
C) ketoacidosis. 
D) tachycardia.

Question 4

In the treatment of respiratory failure, medications may be needed to:

Accepted Answer

A) treat infections. 
B) keep airways open. 
C) decrease fluid output. 
D) a and b 
E) b and c 
A) treat infections. 
B) keep airways open. 
C) decrease fluid output. 
D) a and b 
E) b and c

Question 5

Energy needs range from _____ kilocalories per kilogram for patients with respiratory failure due to the risk of excess carbon dioxide production.

Accepted Answer

A) 15-20 
B) 20-25 
C) 25-35 
D) 30-40 
A) 15-20 
B) 20-25 
C) 25-35 
D) 30-40

Question 6

Margaret Chen is a 73-year-old widow and mother of 3 adult children. She visits her physician due to decreased appetite, lethargy, weight loss, and a productive cough for the past 2 weeks. Her past medical history includes osteoporosis, sinusitis, respiratory infections, and smoking.
-Margaret is prescribed _____ to improve airflow.

Accepted Answer

A) bronchodilators 
B) corticosteroids 
C) oxygen 
D) an influenza vaccine 
A) bronchodilators 
B) corticosteroids 
C) oxygen 
D) an influenza vaccine

Question 7

Ryan takes ibuprofen to decrease the pain and swelling in his knee due to an injury in a basketball game.What is the action of the ibuprofen in decreasing the swelling?

Accepted Answer

A) Assists with the activities of antibodies 
B) Reduces the effects of histamine 
C) Blocks the synthesis of eicosanoids 
D) Regulates immune cell activity 
A) Assists with the activities of antibodies 
B) Reduces the effects of histamine 
C) Blocks the synthesis of eicosanoids 
D) Regulates immune cell activity

Question 8

Effects of prolonged elevated cortisol levels include:

Accepted Answer

A) impaired wound healing. 
B) increased protein synthesis. 
C) increased risk of hypoglycemia. 
D) improved immune response. 
A) impaired wound healing. 
B) increased protein synthesis. 
C) increased risk of hypoglycemia. 
D) improved immune response.

Question 9

Which of the following is not characteristic of shock?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduced blood pressure 
B) Rapid heart rate 
C) Decreased respiration 
D) Muscle weakness 
A) Reduced blood pressure 
B) Rapid heart rate 
C) Decreased respiration 
D) Muscle weakness

Question 10

Which of the following can cause respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

A) An obstruction of the airway 
B) Aspiration of stomach contents 
C) Severe trauma or infection 
D) All of the above 
A) An obstruction of the airway 
B) Aspiration of stomach contents 
C) Severe trauma or infection 
D) All of the above

Question 11

The Ireton-Jones equation can be used to

Accepted Answer

A) estimate fat expenditure. 
B) estimate basal energy expenditure. 
C) estimate protein requirements. 
D) estimate fat requirements. 
A) estimate fat expenditure. 
B) estimate basal energy expenditure. 
C) estimate protein requirements. 
D) estimate fat requirements.

Question 12

Consequences of respiratory failure include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) hypoxemia. 
B) hypercapnia. 
C) hyperoxemia. 
D) hypoxia. 
A) hypoxemia. 
B) hypercapnia. 
C) hyperoxemia. 
D) hypoxia.

Question 13

What is derived from omega-6 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytokines 
B) Eicosanoids 
C) Histamines 
D) Complementary proteins 
A) Cytokines 
B) Eicosanoids 
C) Histamines 
D) Complementary proteins

Question 14

Burn size in adults is often estimated by dividing the body into 11 parts, each part representing about _____ of the total body surface area (TBSA).

Accepted Answer

A) 9% 
B) 12% 
C) 15% 
D) 19% 
A) 9% 
B) 12% 
C) 15% 
D) 19%

Question 15

Metabolic stress results in a decrease in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure 
B) heart rate 
C) blood glucose 
D) growth 
A) blood pressure 
B) heart rate 
C) blood glucose 
D) growth

Question 16

Barbara is an overweight 64-year-old woman diagnosed with COPD.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) She should not lose weight, as COPD causes wasting. 
B) Barbara should not exercise, as her lungs will weaken further. 
C) Barbara will benefit from weight loss to decrease respiratory strain. 
D) She should consume a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet. 
A) She should not lose weight, as COPD causes wasting. 
B) Barbara should not exercise, as her lungs will weaken further. 
C) Barbara will benefit from weight loss to decrease respiratory strain. 
D) She should consume a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet.

Question 17

Organ failure seems to occur sequentially and often follows this similar pattern among patients:

Accepted Answer

A) first the kidneys, followed by the lungs, and finally the liver or heart. 
B) first the liver, followed by the lungs, and finally the kidneys or heart. 
C) first the lungs, followed by the liver, and finally the kidneys, GI tract, or heart. 
D) first the lungs, followed by the kidneys or GI tract, and finally the liver. 
A) first the kidneys, followed by the lungs, and finally the liver or heart. 
B) first the liver, followed by the lungs, and finally the kidneys or heart. 
C) first the lungs, followed by the liver, and finally the kidneys, GI tract, or heart. 
D) first the lungs, followed by the kidneys or GI tract, and finally the liver.

Question 18

The immediate medical concerns during severe stress are the:

Accepted Answer

A) restoration of lost fluids and electrolytes. 
B) correction of nutrient deficiencies. 
C) removal of underlying stressors. 
D) a and c 
E) b and c 
A) restoration of lost fluids and electrolytes. 
B) correction of nutrient deficiencies. 
C) removal of underlying stressors. 
D) a and c 
E) b and c

Question 19

Louis is a 35- year-old man who has broken his arm and left leg in an automobile accident.In response to his injuries, what hormone-related changes do you expect Louis will experience?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase in metabolic rate 
B) Increase in water retention 
C) Decrease in cortisol production 
D) a and b 
E) b and c 
A) Increase in metabolic rate 
B) Increase in water retention 
C) Decrease in cortisol production 
D) a and b 
E) b and c

Question 20

Which of the following hormones promote glucose production from amino acids during severe stress?

Accepted Answer

A) Aldosterone, glucagon, and norepinephrine 
B) Cortisol, insulin, and epinephrine 
C) Norepinephrine, cortisol, and glucagon 
D) Epinephrine, aldosterone, and insulin 
A) Aldosterone, glucagon, and norepinephrine 
B) Cortisol, insulin, and epinephrine 
C) Norepinephrine, cortisol, and glucagon 
D) Epinephrine, aldosterone, and insulin

Exam 22: Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Mr.Ferell has ARDS.His nurse notices an increase in body weight and edema.The dietitian is consulted.She recommends:

Complications that result from refeeding syndrome include

The complication that results when adequate nutrition is reintroduced rapidly is

In the treatment of respiratory failure, medications may be needed to:

Energy needs range from _____ kilocalories per kilogram for patients with respiratory failure due to the risk of excess carbon dioxide production.

Ryan takes ibuprofen to decrease the pain and swelling in his knee due to an injury in a basketball game.What is the action of the ibuprofen in decreasing the swelling?

Effects of prolonged elevated cortisol levels include:

Which of the following is not characteristic of shock?

Which of the following can cause respiratory failure?

The Ireton-Jones equation can be used to

Consequences of respiratory failure include all of the following except:

What is derived from omega-6 fatty acids?

Burn size in adults is often estimated by dividing the body into 11 parts, each part representing about _____ of the total body surface area (TBSA).

Metabolic stress results in a decrease in _____.

Barbara is an overweight 64-year-old woman diagnosed with COPD.Which of the following is true?

Organ failure seems to occur sequentially and often follows this similar pattern among patients:

The immediate medical concerns during severe stress are the:

Louis is a 35- year-old man who has broken his arm and left leg in an automobile accident.In response to his injuries, what hormone-related changes do you expect Louis will experience?

Which of the following hormones promote glucose production from amino acids during severe stress?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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