Question 1

Research has suggested that the expectancy theory is more likely to explain motivation in _.

Accepted Answer

A) Japan 
B) Moslem countries 
C) the Unites States 
D) Great Britain 
E) the Federal Republic of Germany 
A) Japan 
B) Moslem countries 
C) the Unites States 
D) Great Britain 
E) the Federal Republic of Germany

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true about continuous reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Extinction sets in quickly when reinforcement is removed. 
B) It is frequently used by managers in organizational settings. 
C) It is the process of reinforcing behavior every time it occurs. 
D) It is an effective means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior. 
E) It requires that managers monitor every behavior of an employee and provide effective reinforcement. 
A) Extinction sets in quickly when reinforcement is removed. 
B) It is frequently used by managers in organizational settings. 
C) It is the process of reinforcing behavior every time it occurs. 
D) It is an effective means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior. 
E) It requires that managers monitor every behavior of an employee and provide effective reinforcement.

Question 3

Requesting a pay raise is an attempt to reduce inequity by changing one's own .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Requesting a pay raise is an attempt...

Question 4

Historical perspectives on motivation are unimportant because we now know they are wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The human resources approach to motivation implies

Accepted Answer

A) assumes employees are economically motivated. 
B) assumes that employees will achieve their security needs. 
C) assumes that the contributions themselves are valuable to both the individuals and the organization. 
D) assumes individual differences. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) assumes employees are economically motivated. 
B) assumes that employees will achieve their security needs. 
C) assumes that the contributions themselves are valuable to both the individuals and the organization. 
D) assumes individual differences. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 6

Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Frederick Taylor (the father of scientific management)
believed people were motivated by money.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The is the desire to control one's environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The is the desire to control one's...

Question 9

Providing reinforcement according to some predetermined time schedule is called - reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Providing reinforcement according to some predetermined time...

Question 10

Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace.Which of the following statements is not true in this regard?

Accepted Answer

A) People tend to take a multifaceted view of the rewards they receive from the organization. 
B) The basis for organizational rewards should be clearly communicated to employees. 
C) People base their experience of equity on their perceptions, not on reality. 
D) Formal and informal organizational rewards are equally observable to individuals when formulating equity perceptions. 
E) Employees' perceptions may differ from the manager's 
A) People tend to take a multifaceted view of the rewards they receive from the organization. 
B) The basis for organizational rewards should be clearly communicated to employees. 
C) People base their experience of equity on their perceptions, not on reality. 
D) Formal and informal organizational rewards are equally observable to individuals when formulating equity perceptions. 
E) Employees' perceptions may differ from the manager's

Question 11

According to Alderfer, if a person is successful at trying to satisfy a higher level of needs, he or she will to the next level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Alderfer, if a person is...

Question 12

According to equity theory, people

Accepted Answer

A) have the motivation to improve their standard of living. 
B) have the motivation to develop satisfying relationships. 
C) want to be treated fairly. 
D) want everything to be equal. 
E) compare what they get from a job with what they want from a job. 
A) have the motivation to improve their standard of living. 
B) have the motivation to develop satisfying relationships. 
C) want to be treated fairly. 
D) want everything to be equal. 
E) compare what they get from a job with what they want from a job.

Question 13

All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions except

Accepted Answer

A) evaluating how they are being treated. 
B) forming perceptions of how a comparison other is being treated. 
C) comparing their own circumstances with those of a comparison other. 
D) confronting the comparison other with any inequity. 
E) making a choice to pursue equity-restoring options. 
A) evaluating how they are being treated. 
B) forming perceptions of how a comparison other is being treated. 
C) comparing their own circumstances with those of a comparison other. 
D) confronting the comparison other with any inequity. 
E) making a choice to pursue equity-restoring options.

Question 14

Porter and Lawler's extension of the expectancy model argues that

Accepted Answer

A) only extrinsic rewards are important. 
B) reward equity replaces valence. 
C) ability, traits, and role perceptions are removed from the original model. 
D) rewards are less important than originally thought. 
E) high levels of performance may lead to satisfaction. 
A) only extrinsic rewards are important. 
B) reward equity replaces valence. 
C) ability, traits, and role perceptions are removed from the original model. 
D) rewards are less important than originally thought. 
E) high levels of performance may lead to satisfaction.

Question 15

A $10 bonus for every fifth sale would be an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed-ratio 
B) Variable interval 
C) Fixed interval 
D) Variable ratio 
E) Continuous 
A) Fixed-ratio 
B) Variable interval 
C) Fixed interval 
D) Variable ratio 
E) Continuous

Question 16

The reinforcement theory is based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Equity is achieved when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes and inputs are equal to a comparison other's.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reinforcement and extinction 
B) Avoidance and punishment 
C) Avoidance and extinction 
D) Extinction and punishment 
E) Positive reinforcement and avoidance 
A) Positive reinforcement and extinction 
B) Avoidance and punishment 
C) Avoidance and extinction 
D) Extinction and punishment 
E) Positive reinforcement and avoidance

Question 19

The basic expectancy framework suggests that for motivated behavior to occur,

Accepted Answer

A) the performance-to-outcome expectancies should approach zero. 
B) the sum of all the valences for the relevant potential outcomes must be negative. 
C) none of the valences for the relevant potential outcomes should be negative. 
D) the effort-to-performance ratio should be well above 10. 
E) the positive valences should outweigh the negative valences of potential outcomes. 
A) the performance-to-outcome expectancies should approach zero. 
B) the sum of all the valences for the relevant potential outcomes must be negative. 
C) none of the valences for the relevant potential outcomes should be negative. 
D) the effort-to-performance ratio should be well above 10. 
E) the positive valences should outweigh the negative valences of potential outcomes.

Question 20

One common criticism associated with the use of OB modification is that it

Accepted Answer

A) never attains ideals. 
B) discriminates. 
C) includes elements of manipulation. 
D) is expensive. 
E) is not cost-effective. 
A) never attains ideals. 
B) discriminates. 
C) includes elements of manipulation. 
D) is expensive. 
E) is not cost-effective.

Research has suggested that the expectancy theory is more likely to explain motivation in _.

Which of the following statements is not true about continuous reinforcement?

Requesting a pay raise is an attempt to reduce inequity by changing one's own .

Historical perspectives on motivation are unimportant because we now know they are wrong.

The human resources approach to motivation implies

Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security.

Frederick Taylor (the father of scientific management) believed people were motivated by money.

The is the desire to control one's environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources.

Providing reinforcement according to some predetermined time schedule is called - reinforcement.

Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace.Which of the following statements is not true in this regard?

According to Alderfer, if a person is successful at trying to satisfy a higher level of needs, he or she will to the next level.

According to equity theory, people

All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions except

Porter and Lawler's extension of the expectancy model argues that

A $10 bonus for every fifth sale would be an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

The reinforcement theory is based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Equity is achieved when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes and inputs are equal to a comparison other's.

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

The basic expectancy framework suggests that for motivated behavior to occur,

One common criticism associated with the use of OB modification is that it

An Overview of Organizational Behavior

The Changing Environment of Organizations

Foundations of Individual Behavior

Motivating Employee Performance Through Work

Motivating Employee Performance Through Rewards

Managing Stress and the Work-Life Balance

Decision Making and Problem Solving

Foundations of Interpersonal and Group Behavior

Using Teams in Organizations

Communication in Organizations

Traditional Models for Understanding Leadership

Contemporary Views of Leadership in Organizations

Power, Politics, and Organizational Justice

Conflict and Negotiation in Organizations

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organization Design

Organization Culture

Organization Change and Development

Filters

Exam 4: Motivation in Organizations

Research has suggested that the expectancy theory is more likely to explain motivation in _.

Which of the following statements is not true about continuous reinforcement?

Requesting a pay raise is an attempt to reduce inequity by changing one's own .

Historical perspectives on motivation are unimportant because we now know they are wrong.

The human resources approach to motivation implies

Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security.

Frederick Taylor (the father of scientific management) believed people were motivated by money.

The is the desire to control one's environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources.

Providing reinforcement according to some predetermined time schedule is called - reinforcement.

Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace.Which of the following statements is not true in this regard?

According to Alderfer, if a person is successful at trying to satisfy a higher level of needs, he or she will to the next level.

According to equity theory, people

All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions except

Porter and Lawler's extension of the expectancy model argues that

A $10 bonus for every fifth sale would be an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

The reinforcement theory is based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences.

Equity is achieved when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes and inputs are equal to a comparison other's.

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

The basic expectancy framework suggests that for motivated behavior to occur,

One common criticism associated with the use of OB modification is that it

An Overview of Organizational Behavior

The Changing Environment of Organizations

Foundations of Individual Behavior

Motivating Employee Performance Through Work

Motivating Employee Performance Through Rewards

Managing Stress and the Work-Life Balance

Decision Making and Problem Solving

Foundations of Interpersonal and Group Behavior

Using Teams in Organizations

Communication in Organizations

Traditional Models for Understanding Leadership

Contemporary Views of Leadership in Organizations

Power, Politics, and Organizational Justice

Conflict and Negotiation in Organizations

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organization Design

Organization Culture

Organization Change and Development

Filters